Frequency stability of the Israeli power grid with high penetration of renewable sources and energy storage systems

As countries worldwide are integrating more energy storage systems and renewable energy sources, it is important to examine how these impact the frequency stability of the grid. In this study we explore this question by focusing on Israel in 2025. Based on the Israeli power grid model in 2025, which includes detailed information on the entire transmission network, generation units, and loads, we examine hundreds of different locations and sizes of renewable energy sources and energy storage systems, focusing on the frequency behavior in each scenario following the loss of a large generator. This is done using the industry-standard PSS/E simulator. The results lead to several design-level recommendations. One main conclusion is that the Israeli power system already has the required resources to maintain frequency stability in case a large generation unit is lost. However, to maintain a reliable system, policy makers should encourage that the existing and additional storage will contribute to frequency regulation when there is a risk of instability. We also find that the location of renewable energy sources and energy storage systems has an impact on the frequency stability, and that it is better to place storage systems in the south, and renewable energy sources in the north. However, at least until 2025 this impact is not yet strong enough to be a leading factor in determining the location of these sources. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Automated summary

This study focuses on Israel in 2025, examining the impact of different renewable energy sources and energy storage systems on grid frequency stability after a large generator loss. It finds that Israel already has the necessary resources to maintain frequency stability, but policymakers should encourage storage systems to contribute to frequency regulation in times of instability. The location of renewable energy sources and storage systems also affects frequency stability, with storage systems preferably placed in the south and renewable energy sources in the north.