Regulation of Myostatin on the Growth and Development of Skeletal Muscle

Myostatin (MSTN), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, can negatively regulate the growth and development of skeletal muscle by autocrine or paracrine signaling. Mutation of the myostatin gene under artificial or natural conditions can lead to a significant increase in muscle quality and produce a double-muscle phenotype. Here, we review the similarities and differences between myostatin and other members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily and the mechanisms of myostatin self-regulation. In addition, we focus extensively on the regulation of myostatin functions involved in myogenic differentiation, myofiber type conversion, and skeletal muscle protein synthesis and degradation. Also, we summarize the induction of reactive oxygen species generation and oxidative stress by myostatin in skeletal muscle. This review of recent insights into the function of myostatin will provide reference information for future studies of myostatin-regulated skeletal muscle formation and may have relevance to agricultural fields of study.

Automated summary

Myostatin, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth and development through autocrine or paracrine signaling, with mutations leading to increased muscle mass. It regulates myogenic differentiation, protein synthesis, and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle.