Deciphering Bacterial Community of the Fallow and Paddy Soil Focusing on Possible Biocontrol Agents

In pursuing higher rice production, we have often jeopardized soil at an alarming rate. It is hypothesized that intensive farming practices degrade soil health and increase the abundance of rice diseases while fallowing increases the abundance of biocontrol agents. In this study, the bacterial community was monitored in the paddy and fallow soil. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were abundant in the fallow soil, whereas Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes were more abundant in the paddy soil. Among the potential biocontrol agents, Bacillus, Thiobacillus, Rhizobium, Massilia, Rhizobacter, Streptomyces, Micromonospora, and Pseudonocardia were more abundant in the fallow soil, while Pseudomonas and Burkholderia were more abundant in the paddy soil. The possible rice pathogens, i.e., Xanthomonas and Erwinia, were more abundant in the paddy soil. The alpha diversity was higher in paddy soil than in fallow soil. Additionally, the principal coordinate analysis based on UniFrac distances revealed distinct clusters of the soils. Moreover, the functional analysis suggested that the fallow soil was abundant in genes associated with the biosynthesis of siderophores and secondary metabolites. In contrast, the paddy soil was abundant in genes related to plant-pathogen interactions. In conclusion, these results highlight the significance of fallowing to improve soil health.

Automated summary

This study monitored the bacterial community in paddy and fallow soil, finding that fallow soil had a higher abundance of beneficial microorganisms for soil health, while paddy soil had a higher abundance of potential rice pathogens. Additionally, paddy soil had higher alpha diversity, and functional analysis revealed differences in gene abundance related to siderophores and secondary metabolites between the two soil types.