Sertoli, Leydig, and Spermatogonial Cells' Specific Gene and Protein Expressions as Dog Testes Evolve from Immature into Mature States

Simple Summary Sertoli-, Leydig-, and spermatogonial-cells proliferate and differentiate from birth to puberty and then stay stable in adulthood. We hypothesized that expressions of spermatogenesis-associated genes are not enhanced with the increase of these cells' numbers. To accomplish this postulation, we investigated the abundances of Sertoli cell-specific FSHR and AMH, Leydig cell-specific LHR and INSL3, and spermatogonia-specific THY1 and CDH1 markers in immature and mature canine testis. Four biological replicates of immature and mature testes were processed, and RT-PCR was performed to elucidate cells' specific markers. Results showed that the gene expressions of all the studied cells' specific markers were downregulated in adult testis compared with immature testis. Western blot and immunohistochemistry showed the presence of these proteins in the testis. Protein expressions of these markers were greater in immature compared with mature testis. The results support the postulation that the gene expressions do not directly correlate with the increase of the cell numbers during post-natal development but changes in gene expressions show functional significance. Sertoli, Leydig, and spermatogonial cells proliferate and differentiate from birth to puberty and then stay stable in adulthood. We hypothesized that expressions of spermatogenesis-associated genes are not enhanced with a mere increase of these cells' numbers. To accept this postulation, we investigated the abundances of Sertoli cell-specific FSHR and AMH, Leydig cell-specific LHR and INSL3, and spermatogonia-specific THY1 and CDH1 markers in immature and mature canine testis. Four biological replicates of immature and mature testes were processed, and RT-PCR was performed to elucidate the cells' specific markers. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, using the 2(- increment increment Ct) method to ascertain differences in mRNA expressions. In addition, Western blot and IHC were performed. Gene expressions of all the studied cells' specific markers were down-regulated (p < 0.05) in adult testis compared with immature testis. Western blot and immunohistochemistry showed the presence of these proteins in the testis. Protein expressions were greater in immature testis compared with mature testis (p < 0.05). Despite the obvious expansion of these cells' numbers from immature to adult testis, the cells' specific markers were not enriched in mature testis compared with immature dog testis. The results support the postulation that the gene expressions do not directly correlate with the increase of the cell numbers during post-natal development but changes in gene expressions show functional significance.

Automated summary

This study found that the expressions of spermatogenesis-associated genes are not enhanced with the increase of Sertoli, Leydig, and spermatogonial cell numbers during testis development in dogs. Compared to immature testis, the gene expressions of specific markers for these cells were downregulated in adult testis. The results suggest that changes in gene expressions show functional significance rather than a direct correlation with cell numbers.