Impact of Testosterone on Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease responsible for almost half of all dementia cases in the world and progressively increasing. The etiopathology includes heritability, genetic factors, aging, nutrition, but sex hormones play a relevant role. Animal models demonstrated that testosterone (T) exerted a neuroprotective effect reducing the production of amyloid-beta (Au), improving synaptic signaling, and counteracting neuronal death. This study aims to evaluate the impact of T deprivation and T administration in humans on the onset of dementia and AD. A search was conducted on MEDLINE and Scopus for the androgen deprivation therapy and testosterone therapy with dementia and Alzheimer's. Studies lasting twenty years with low risk of bias, randomized clinical trial, and case-controlled studies were considered. Twelve articles on the effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and AD and seventeen on T therapy and AD were retrieved. Men with prostate cancer under ADT showed a higher incidence of dementia and AD. The effect of T administration in hypogonadal men with AD and cognitive impairment has evidenced some positive results. The majority of studies showed the T administration improved memory and cognition in AD while others did not find any benefit. Although some biases in the studies are evident, T therapy for AL) patients may represent an essential clinical therapy to reduce dementia incidence and AD progression. However, more specific case-controlled trials on the effect of androgens therapy in men and women to reducing the onset of AD are necessary.

Automated summary

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease influenced by sex hormones. Animal models have shown that testosterone can protect neurons by reducing amyloid-beta production, improving synaptic signaling, and preventing neuronal death. Studies have found that prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy have a higher incidence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men with Alzheimer's disease and cognitive impairment has shown some positive results.