期刊
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
卷 10, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS
DOI: 10.1525/elementa.2021.00060
关键词
Arctic; Atmosphere; Field campaign
资金
- German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) [N-2014-H060_Dethloff -AWI]
- US National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs [OPP-1724551, OPP-1805569, OPP1807496, OPP-1914781, OPP-1852614, OPP1753423, OPP-1753418, OPP-1753408]
- US Department of Energy-Office of Science Atmospheric Radiation Measurement and Atmospheric System Research Programs [DESC0019251, DE-SC0021341, DE-SC0019745, DESC0019172, DE-AC05-76RL01830]
- US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Physical Sciences Laboratory
- Global Monitoring Laboratory
- Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program -Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, within the Transregional Collaborative Research Center Arctic Amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric and Surface Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms (AC)3 [268020496TRR 172]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [LA 2907/111, SA 1884/6-1]
- European Regional Development Fund - European Union [ZW 685014470, 730965, 727890]
- INTERACT Program-Pan Arctic Precipitation Isotope Network - European Commission [689443]
- Swiss National Science Foundation [200021_188478]
- Swiss Polar Institute -UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/S002472/1, NE/S00257X/1]
- French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) -Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41941014]
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [JP18H03745, JP18KK0292]
- Academy of Finland [318930, 333397, 337549, 329274, 307537]
- University of Helsinki [752 84 128]
- University of the Arctic Research Chairship (U. Arctic)
- University of the Arctic Research Chairship (University of Oulu)
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0019745] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
- Academy of Finland (AKA) [329274, 333397] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)
With the Arctic rapidly changing, there is a crucial need to observe, understand, and model these changes. The MOSAiC expedition successfully documented and characterized various aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system through a comprehensive observational program. The observations revealed the significant influence of atmospheric variability and highlighted the higher temperatures and moisture near the sea ice edge during summer. The obtained data will support further research and modeling capabilities in the Arctic.
With the Arctic rapidly changing, the needs to observe, understand, and model the changes are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations of atmospheric properties, processes, and interactions were made while drifting with the sea ice across the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the comprehensive program to document and characterize all aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system in unprecedented detail, using a variety of approaches, and across multiple scales. These measurements were coordinated with other observational teams to explore crosscutting and coupled interactions with the Arctic Ocean, sea ice, and ecosystem through a variety of physical and biogeochemical processes. This overview outlines the breadth and complexity of the atmospheric research program, which was organized into 4 subgroups: atmospheric state, clouds and precipitation, gases and aerosols, and energy budgets. Atmospheric variability over the annual cycle revealed important influences from a persistent large-scale winter circulation pattern, leading to some storms with pressure and winds that were outside the interquartile range of past conditions suggested by long-term reanalysis. Similarly, the MOSAiC location was warmer and wetter in summer than the reanalysis climatology, in part due to its close proximity to the sea ice edge. The comprehensiveness of the observational program for characterizing and analyzing atmospheric phenomena is demonstrated via a winter case study examining air mass transitions and a summer case study examining vertical atmospheric evolution. Overall, the MOSAiC atmospheric program successfully met its objectives and was the most comprehensive atmospheric measurement program to date conducted over the Arctic sea ice. The obtained data will support a broad range of coupled-system scientific research and provide an important foundation for advancing multiscale modeling capabilities in the Arctic.
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