4.7 Review

Functionalized Nanoparticles Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Cancer Therapy

期刊

PHARMACEUTICS
卷 13, 期 10, 页码 -

出版社

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101670

关键词

tumor microenvironment; tumor targeting; nanoparticles; M1/M2 macrophages & nbsp; ; cancer

资金

  1. European Commission [644373-PRISAR, 777682-CANCER, 807281-ACORN, 852985-SIMICA, 734684-CHARMED, 675743-ISPIC, 861190, 857894, 859908, 872860, 872391]
  2. CAPES [88881.119850]
  3. CNPq [301877/2019-0]
  4. program VENI - Dutch Research Council [916.181.54]
  5. Dutch PPS allowance by Healthsimilar toHolland, Top Sector Life Sciences Health
  6. European Union [777682, 734684]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

The tumor microenvironment is crucial in regulating antitumor immune responses, with a focus on M2 macrophages. Immunotherapy approaches targeting tumor-associated macrophages aim to reduce the immunosuppressive state, however, facing limitations such as drug degradation rate and cytotoxicity. Nanomedicine formulations offer promising strategies in cancer therapy by specifically targeting M2 TAMs, reducing side effects and enhancing therapeutic potential.
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a central role in regulating antitumor immune responses. As an important part of the TME, alternatively activated type 2 (M2) macrophages drive the development of primary and secondary tumors by promoting tumor cell proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and overall immunosuppression. Immunotherapy approaches targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in order to reduce the immunosuppressive state in the TME have received great attention. Although these methods hold great potential for the treatment of several cancers, they also face some limitations, such as the fast degradation rate of drugs and drug-induced cytotoxicity of organs and tissues. Nanomedicine formulations that prevent TAM signaling and recruitment to the TME or deplete M2 TAMs to reduce tumor growth and metastasis represent encouraging novel strategies in cancer therapy. They allow the specific delivery of antitumor drugs to the tumor area, thereby reducing side effects associated with systemic application. In this review, we give an overview of TAM biology and the current state of nanomedicines that target M2 macrophages in the course of cancer immunotherapy, with a specific focus on nanoparticles (NPs). We summarize how different types of NPs target M2 TAMs, and how the physicochemical properties of NPs (size, shape, charge and targeting ligands) influence NP uptake by TAMs in vitro and in vivo in the TME. Furthermore, we provide a comparative analysis of passive and active NP-based TAM-targeting strategies and discuss their therapeutic potential.

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