A microwell-based impedance sensor on an insertable microneedle for real-time in vivo cytokine detection

Impedance-based protein detection sensors for point-of-care diagnostics require quantitative specificity, as well as rapid or real-time operation. Furthermore, microfabrication of these sensors can lead to the formation of factors suitable for in vivo operation. Herein, we present microfabricated needle-shaped microwell impedance sensors for rapid-sample-to-answer, label-free detection of cytokines, and other biomarkers. The microneedle form factor allows sensors to be utilized in transcutaneous or transvascular sensing applications. In vitro, experimental characterization confirmed sensor specificity and sensitivity to multiple proteins of interest. Mechanical characterization demonstrated sufficient microneedle robustness for transcutaneous insertion, as well as preserved sensor function postinsertion. We further utilized these sensors to carry out real-time in vivo quantification of human interleukin 8 (hIL8) concentration levels in the blood of transgenic mice that endogenously express hIL8. To assess sensor functionality, hIL8 concentration levels in serum samples from the same mice were quantified by ELISA. Excellent agreement between real-time in vivo sensor readings in blood and subsequent ELISA serum assays was observed over multiple transgenic mice expressing hIL8 concentrations from 62 pg/mL to 539 ng/mL.

Automated summary

This study introduces a microfabricated needle-shaped microwell impedance sensor for rapid and label-free detection of biomarkers, demonstrating good specificity and sensitivity for multiple proteins of interest. The mechanical characterization confirms robustness of the microneedles for transcutaneous insertion, with preserved sensor function post-insertion. Real-time in vivo quantification of human interleukin 8 (hIL8) levels in transgenic mice shows excellent agreement with ELISA serum assays.