4.7 Review

Unraveling the complex interplay between genes, environment, and climate in ALS

期刊

EBIOMEDICINE
卷 75, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103795

关键词

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Epidemiology; Interactions; Cause; Genetics; Environment; Climate

资金

  1. Ministry of Health (Ministero della Salute, Ricerca Sanitaria Final-izzata) [RF-2016-02362405]
  2. Progetti diRilevante Interesse Nazionale program of the Ministry of Education, University and Research [2017SNW5MB]
  3. European Commission's Health Seventh Framework Programme [259867]
  4. Joint Programme-Neurodegenerative Disease Research (Strength, ALS-Care and Brain-Mend projects)
  5. Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research
  6. Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Aging [Z01-AG000949-02]
  7. National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke [1ZIANS003154]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

This review discusses the role of genetic and environmental factors in motor neuron degeneration and suggests that gene-environment interactions may contribute to the unknown etiology of ALS. Climate is the underlying basis for multiple environmental factors, and the impact of global temperature increase on gene-environment interactions should be monitored.
Various genetic and environmental risk factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite this, the cause of most ALS cases remains obscure. In this review, we describe the current evidence implicating genetic and environmental factors in motor neuron degeneration. While the risk exerted by many environmental factors may appear small, their effect could be magnified by the presence of a genetic predisposition. We postulate that gene-environment interactions account for at least a portion of the unknown etiology in ALS. Climate underlies multiple environmental factors, some of which have been implied in ALS etiology, and the impact of global temperature increase on the gene-environment interactions should be carefully monitored. We describe the main concepts underlying such interactions. Although a lack of large cohorts with detailed genetic and environmental information hampers the search for gene-environment interactions, newer algorithms and machine learning approaches offer an opportunity to break this stalemate. Understanding how genetic and environmental factors interact to cause ALS may ultimately pave the way towards precision medicine becoming an integral part of ALS care. Copyright (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.

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