期刊
SCIENCE ADVANCES
卷 8, 期 7, 页码 -出版社
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl7605
关键词
-
资金
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada Multi-Partner Research Initiative award [1.06]
- NSF Graduate Research Fellowship [174530]
- NSF-OCE grant [1841092]
This study investigates the photo-dissolution process of crude oil components at sea and its sensitivity to environmental variables. Through experimental quantification, it is found that the rate of photo-dissolution is most sensitive to oil slick thickness, season/latitude, and wavelength. The estimated percentage of surface oil subject to photo-dissolution in the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill is comparable to other fate processes.
Oxygenation reactions initiated by sunlight can transform insoluble components of crude oil at sea into water-soluble products, a process called photo-dissolution. First reported a half century ago, photo-dissolution has never been included in spill models because key parameters required for rate modeling were unknown, including the wavelength and photon dose dependence. Here, we experimentally quantified photo-dissolution as a function of wavelength and photon dose, making possible a sensitivity analysis of environmental variables in hypothetical spill scenarios and a mass balance assessment for the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DwH) spill. The sensitivity analysis revealed that rates were most sensitive to oil slick thickness, season/latitude, and wavelength and less sensitive to photon dose. We estimate that 3 to 17% (best estimate 8%) of DwH surface oil was subject to photo-dissolution, comparable in magnitude to other widely recognized fate processes. Our findings invite a critical reevaluation of surface oil budgets for both DwH and future spills at sea.
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