Pumped hydro energy storage arbitrage in the day-ahead market in smart grid using stochastic p-robust optimization method

Individual operation of pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) as large-scale energy storage needs the bidding and offering curves to participate, as a prosumer, in the day-ahead electricity market. Therefore, in this paper, by taking advantage of stochastic and robust optimization, a new stochastic p-robust optimization (SPRO) method is proposed to deal with the financial risks of the day-ahead price uncertainty. The proposed method compares the profit of PHES with the relative regret to get a risk-controlled strategy. According to obtained results, reducing the robustness parameter (p) from the p=+infinity to p=0.21, the profit, and the maximum relative regret are reduced by $ 2611 and 15.02 %, respectively. In other words, with a 19.11 % decline in profit, the maximum amount of relative regret decreased by 41.30 %. Therefore, it can be shown that by a few reductions in profit, the maximum amount of relative regret decreases significantly. At the same time, the robustness of PHES is guaranteed against the day-ahead market price uncertainty. Finally, the risk-based bidding and offering curves are derived using the results of the proposed SPRO method.

Automated summary

Using a new stochastic p-robust optimization method, the financial risks of day-ahead price uncertainty for pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) can be managed effectively. By reducing the robustness parameter, both profit and maximum relative regret decrease, showing that a small sacrifice in profit can significantly reduce the maximum relative regret. This approach ensures both profitability and robustness of PHES in the electricity market.