Steady-State and Dynamic Bioanalysis using Carbon Quantum Dot-based Luminescence Probes

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with excellent biocompatibility, tunable emission and designable surface composition have been widely applied for luminescent sensing of diverse biological targets. In addition to homogeneous bioanalysis, dynamic bioanalysis of biological analytes is also achieved with the combination of single-particle imaging technique. In this review, we majorly conclude the recently adopted steady-state and dynamic bioanalysis based on CQD luminescence probes. The synthesis and luminescence mechanism of CQDs is first introduced. Regarding the CQD-based luminescent bioanalysis, sensing principles and tactics are provided. The steady-state bioanalysis systems are discussed according to the targets. Dynamic bioanalysis platforms are concluded in two aspects: time-dependent accumulation and real-time dynamics. This review ends with the discussion of challenges and future trends of CQD probe-based luminescent bioanalysis.

Automated summary

This review focuses on the recent advances and applications of steady-state and dynamic bioanalysis based on carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as luminescent probes. The synthesis and luminescence mechanism of CQDs are first introduced, followed by the discussion of sensing principles and tactics in CQD-based luminescent bioanalysis. Steady-state bioanalysis systems and dynamic bioanalysis platforms are discussed, and challenges and future trends are also addressed.