Smart Two-Dimensional Membranes for Molecular Separations

Membrane-based separation technologies are gaining prominence in energy-efficient separation processes. Smart membranes, which change their physical or chemical characteristics in response to environmental stimuli, are attractive membrane candidates. This review summarizes the recent development and applications of smart membranes based on two-dimensional (2D) materials, mainly focusing on their design, fabrication, and applications in molecular separations. Furthermore, stimuli for triggering smart 2D membranes are classified and explained. Finally, we propose areas for improvement and further development for future studies, such as the issues of complicated fabrication, long term stability in real operating conditions, and responding to different environmental stimuli at the same time.

Automated summary

Smart membranes based on two-dimensional materials are gaining attention for their ability to change properties in response to environmental stimuli. Future studies should focus on addressing issues such as complex fabrication, long-term stability, and simultaneous response to multiple environmental stimuli.