ORF8 and Health Complications of COVID-19 in Down Syndrome Patients

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Network analysis of Down syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 identifies risk and protective factors for COVID-19

Ilario De Toma et al.

Summary: Individuals with Down syndrome may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to specific genetic factors, but also exhibit enhanced anti-viral signaling that can inhibit viral replication. However, in the later stages of infection, the prognosis for individuals with Down syndrome may worsen as upregulation of inflammatory genes could lead to a cytokine storm typical of COVID-19.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The ORF8 protein of SARS-CoV-2 mediates immune evasion through down-regulating MHC-I

Yiwen Zhang et al.

Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, significantly differs from SARS in its clinical and pathological characteristics. The viral protein ORF8 of SARS-CoV-2 interacts with MHC-I molecules, leading to their down-regulation and impairment of antigen presentation system, proposing ORF8 inhibition as a potential strategy for improving immune surveillance.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Review Genetics & Heredity

Structural Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 Protein: Pathogenic and Therapeutic Implications

Antonio Valcarcel et al.

Summary: Current therapeutic strategies and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 mainly focus on the Spike protein, but other viral proteins like ORF8 also play important roles in COVID-19 pathogenicity. By analyzing the structural similarities of ORF8 with immunological molecules such as IL-1, we can gain insights into the immunological deregulation observed in COVID-19 and propose that blocking certain effector functions of ORF8 with Rapamycin could be a promising approach to reduce COVID-19 mortality.

FRONTIERS IN GENETICS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Medical vulnerability of individuals with Down syndrome to severe COVID-19-data from the Trisomy 21 Research Society and the UK ISARIC4C survey

Anke Huls et al.

Summary: Health conditions, immune dysfunction, and premature aging associated with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome, DS) may impact the clinical course of COVID-19. The study found that individuals with DS have similar signs/symptoms and risk factors for severe disease course as the general population, but higher rates of medical complications and mortality, especially from age 40.

ECLINICALMEDICINE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology