4.7 Article

The role of NADPH oxidases in infectious and inflammatory diseases

期刊

REDOX BIOLOGY
卷 48, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102159

关键词

NADPH Oxidase; NOX; Superoxide; Immunity; Autoimmunity; COVID-19; Acute lung injury

资金

  1. NIH/NIDDK R01 award [DK126456, DK127497]
  2. JDRF Award [2-SRA-2019-692-S-B]
  3. NIH/NIAID T32 Immunologic Diseases and Basic Immunology award [T32.AI007051]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

NADPH oxidases (NOX) are enzymes that produce superoxide or hydrogen peroxide by utilizing NADPH, playing important roles in various biological functions. Among the NOX family, NOX2 regulates innate and adaptive immunity, while DUOX1 and DUOX2 are crucial in innate immune defenses at epithelial barriers. Targeting NOX enzymes or scavenging free radicals may be beneficial in treating autoimmune diseases and acute lung injury.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOX) are enzymes that generate superoxide or hydrogen peroxide from molecular oxygen utilizing NADPH as an electron donor. There are seven enzymes in the NOX family: NOX1-5 and dual oxidase (DUOX) 1-2. NOX enzymes in humans play important roles in diverse biological functions and vary in expression from tissue to tissue. Importantly, NOX2 is involved in regulating many aspects of innate and adaptive immunity, including regulation of type I interferons, the inflammasome, phagocytosis, antigen processing and presentation, and cell signaling. DUOX1 and DUOX2 play important roles in innate immune defenses at epithelial barriers. This review discusses the role of NOX enzymes in normal physiological processes as well as in disease. NOX enzymes are important in autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes and have also been implicated in acute lung injury caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2. Targeting NOX enzymes directly or through scavenging free radicals may be useful therapies for autoimmunity and acute lung injury where oxidative stress contributes to pathology.

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