Near-field imaging of dipole emission modulated by an optical grating

Attosecond measurements have been achieved in technically demanding pump-probe experiments by photoelectron streaking with stable infrared lasers and extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) instruments. Here, we demonstrate an efficient single-image all-optical measurement of an isolated attosecond pulse for its complete temporal characterization. We create the attosecond pulse with a 0.1-mJ, few-cycle, infrared pump beam and modulate it with an obliquely incident same-frequency weak beam. By refocusing the XUV beams, we obtain a spectrally resolved XUV image, showing the spectral phase of the attosecond pulse. Near-field imaging allows us to measure our pulse in 150 shots. This efficiency will be important for attosecond pulses in the water-window region. For complex systems, multi-electron dynamics is encoded in the temporal structure of attosecond pulses. (C) 2021 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

Automated summary

Attosecond measurements have been achieved using stable infrared lasers and extreme-ultraviolet instruments, enabling efficient characterization of isolated attosecond pulses. By creating attosecond pulses with infrared pump beams and modulating them with weak same-frequency beams, spectral phase and temporal structures can be obtained. This method offers a way to measure multi-electron dynamics encoded in the temporal structure of attosecond pulses.