Advances in polymers for bio-additive manufacturing: A state of art review

AM has become an emerging field because of the immediate need for various industrial and daily applications. AM's ability to prepare and produce parts on a high dimension scale is critical for its prominent use. Over two decades a broad period has been spent on the research and development of the AM techniques including polymer and printing options. This article contains various AM techniques along with the polymers and other materials to be used in numerous applications. AM is now a front-foot technology that is being utilized in a variety of biological applications. Aside from that, several of the polymers are utilized in medication delivery, implants, and engineering. In addition to stimulus-responsive devices and conductive polymers, the use of polymers in 4D printing has been regarded as one of the main application areas of AM. Different techniques to date have emerged as state-of-the-art techniques because of the technology and the effort behind them such as tissue engineering techniques. Nowadays, researchers can synthesis various materials that can be used in such an application giving AM an upper edge over other available techniques. Such techniques have been discussed along with the recent development in this area. In addition, in this review, we have tried to include all the basic and essential processes along with the used materials for biomedical applications. The future direction in accordance with emerging flexible materials, metal/polymer composites and industry-oriented polymers have been given in the end of the manuscript. A future road map has been provided for further possible researcher in this field for young researchers and scientists.

Automated summary

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a new field due to the immediate need for various industrial and daily applications, with the critical ability to prepare and produce high-scale parts. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the research and development of AM techniques, covering various applications in bioengineering, medicine, and engineering. Emerging technologies in AM include tissue engineering, with a focus on flexible materials, metal/polymer composites, and industry-oriented polymers for future development.