期刊
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
卷 12, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.778679
关键词
SARS; CoV; 2; vaccine; older people and ageing; T cells response; mRNA vaccination
类别
This study found that COVID-19-naive older individuals had lower antibody counts and impaired specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells following vaccination, while COVID-19-recovered older individuals exhibited stronger antibody and T-cell responses post-vaccination. Additionally, high plasma levels of TNF alpha were associated with poor antibody response in older participants.
Long-term care facility (LTCF) older residents display physiological alterations of cellular and humoral immunity that affect vaccine responses. Preliminary reports suggested a low early postvaccination antibody response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of this study was to focus on the specific T-cell response. We quantified S1-specific IgG, neutralizing antibody titers, total specific IFN gamma-secreting T cells by ELISpot, and functionality of CD4(+)- and CD8(+)-specific T cells by flow cytometry, after two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in younger and older people, with and without previous COVID-19 infection (hereafter referred to as COVID-19-recovered and COVID-19-naive subjects, respectively). Frailty, nutritional, and immunosenescence parameters were collected at baseline in COVID-19-naive older people. We analyzed the immune response in 129 young adults (median age 44.0 years) and 105 older residents living in a LCTF (median age 86.5 years), 3 months after the first injection. Humoral and cellular memory responses were dramatically impaired in the COVID-19-naive older (n = 54) compared with the COVID-19-naive younger adults (n = 121). Notably, older participants' neutralizing antibodies were 10 times lower than the younger's antibody titers (p < 0.0001) and LCTF residents also had an impaired functional T-cell response: the frequencies of IFN gamma(+) and IFN gamma+IL-2(+)TNF alpha(+) cells among specific CD4(+) T cells, and the frequency of specific CD8(+) T cells were lower in COVID-19-naive older participants than in COVID-19-naive young adults (p p = 0.0018, respectively). However, COVID-19-recovered older participants (n = 51) had greater antibody and T-cell responses, including IFN gamma(+) and IFN gamma+IL-2(+)TNF alpha(+)-specific CD4(+) T cells (p < 0.0001), as well as TNF alpha(+)-specific CD8(+) T cells (p < 0.001), than COVID-19-naive older adults. We also observed that inflammageing and particularly high plasma levels of TNF alpha was associated to poor antibody response in the older participants. In conclusion, our results show that the COVID-19-naive older people had low counts and impaired specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, in addition to impaired antibody response, and that specific studies are warranted to assess the efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines, as in other immunocompromised subjects. Our study also shows that, despite their physiological alterations of immunity, vaccination is highly efficient in boosting the prior natural memory response in COVID-19-recovered older people.
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