Overcoming transport barriers to immunotherapy

Immunotherapies are designed to treat disease by modulating the activity of immune cells. Here, we consider how anatomy and microphysiology create transport barriers to immunotherapeutic delivery and retention at diseased sites, and summarize recent developments to overcome these barriers by exploiting immunobiology to engineer molecular and cellular engineering approaches. Creating impactful and practical solutions across these diseases requires the integration of the collective expertise of pathologists, clinicians, immunologists, biophysicists, immunoengineers, and more.

Automated summary

Immunotherapies aim to treat diseases by modulating immune cell activity, but transport barriers may hinder delivery and retention at diseased sites. Overcoming these barriers by exploiting immunobiology to engineer molecular and cellular approaches is crucial. Integrating expertise from pathologists, clinicians, immunologists, biophysicists, immunoengineers and more is essential for impactful and practical solutions across various diseases.