Substantially Enhanced Stereocomplex Crystallization of Poly(L-lactide)/Poly(D-lactide) Blends by the Formation of Multi-Arm Stereo-Block Copolymers

Stereocomplex-type polylactide (SC-PLA) created by alternate packing of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactide) (PDLA) chains in a crystalline state has emerged as a growingly popular engineering bioplastic that possesses excellent hydrolytic stability and thermomechanical properties. However, it is extremely difficult to acquire high-performance SC-PLA products via melt-processing of high-molecular-weight PLLA/PDLA blends because both SC crystallites and homocrystallites (HCs) are competitively formed in the melt-crystallization. Herein, a facile yet powerful way was employed to boost SC formation by introducing trace amounts of some epoxy-functionalized small-molecule modifiers into the enantiomeric blends during reactive melt-blending. The results show that the SC formation is considerably enhanced with the in situ generation of multi-arm stereo-block PLA copolymers, based on the reaction between epoxy groups of the modifiers and hydroxyl end groups of PLAs. More impressively, it is intriguing to find that the introduction of only 0.5 wt% modifiers can induce exclusive SC formation in the blends upon isothermal and non-isothermal melt-crystallizations. The outstanding SC crystallizability might be attributed to the suppressing effect of such unique copolymers on the separation of the alternately arranged PLLA/PDLA chain segments in molten state as a compatibilizer. Furthermore, the generation of these copolymers does not result in a significant increase in melt viscosity of the blends. These findings suggest new opportunities for the high-throughput processing of SC-PLA materials into useful products.

Automated summary

In this study, trace amounts of epoxy-functionalized small-molecule modifiers were introduced into enantiomeric blends during reactive melt-blending to enhance the formation of stereocomplex-type polylactide (SC-PLA). The results showed that the in situ generation of multi-arm stereo-block PLA copolymers significantly improved SC formation, even with only 0.5 wt% modifiers. The unique copolymers acted as compatibilizers, suppressing the separation of the alternately arranged PLLA/PDLA chain segments in the molten state. Furthermore, the generation of these copolymers did not significantly increase the melt viscosity of the blends, suggesting new opportunities for high-throughput processing of SC-PLA materials.