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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Akatsuki Saito et al.
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the B.1.617.2/Delta variant has been found to be highly fusogenic and more pathogenic in infected hamsters compared to prototypic SARS-CoV-2. The P681R mutation in the spike protein of this variant enhances viral fusogenicity and pathogenicity.
Review
Cell Biology
Cody B. Jackson et al.
Summary: The entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells is facilitated by the interaction between the viral spike protein and ACE2, leading to virus-cell membrane fusion, which has been extensively studied at the structural and cellular levels worldwide. This understanding has paved the way for the development of effective vaccines in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the infection with SARS-CoV-2.
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
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Immunology
Lin-Lei Chen et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 variants P.3 and B.1.617.1 can evade neutralizing response from convalescent serum and vaccine-induced serum. The E484K mutation in the spike protein has the greatest impact on receptor binding domain binding.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
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Immunology
Kelvin Kai-Wang To et al.
Summary: The study confirmed reinfection in an apparently immunocompetent patient 142 days after the first symptomatic episode, rather than persistent viral shedding. This suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may continue to circulate among humans, even with natural herd immunity, highlighting the need for further research on protective immunological correlates for vaccine design.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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Biology
Bobo Wing-Yee Mok et al.
Summary: The study found that the Alpha variant of SARS-CoV-2 has increased competitive fitness in a hamster model, replicating and shedding more efficiently in the nasal cavity, which may contribute to its rapid transmission. These results help explain why emerging variants of the virus are more efficient in spreading.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hin Chu et al.
Summary: Understanding the factors contributing to efficient SARS-CoV-2 infection in human cells can provide insights into the virus's transmissibility and pathogenesis. The study identifies heparan sulfate as an important attachment factor, while sialic acids on ACE2 may restrict efficient spike/ACE2 interaction in lung tissues. Moreover, the presence of a furin-like cleavage site in SARS-CoV-2 spike is crucial for efficient virus replication in human lungs.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
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Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Man Lung Yeung et al.
Summary: Research has identified the crucial role of human host factors and sACE2 protein in virus dependency factors, cell entry, and other aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, shedding light on the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and potential treatment strategies.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Salim S. Abdool Karim et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jun Zhang et al.
Summary: The Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 is more efficient at fusing membranes at low levels of cellular receptor ACE2, possibly contributing to its heightened transmissibility. Each variant shows different rearrangement of the antigenic surface of the S protein, but only the changes in the RBD make it a better target for therapeutic antibodies.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hanjun Zhao et al.
Summary: This study identifies a dual-functional cross-linking peptide 8P9R that can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry pathways in cells and suppress viral replication in animal models. The combination therapy of drugs like arbidol, chloroquine, and camostat shows promising results in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication, suggesting a potential treatment strategy for COVID-19.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
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Cell Biology
Prerna Arora et al.
Summary: The Delta variant, B.1.617.2, has spread to over 80 countries, showing evasion of antibodies, resistance to certain therapies, and enhanced transmissibility.
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Microbiology
Hataf Khan et al.
Summary: The IFN-inducible short isoform of human nuclear receptor coactivator 7 (NCOA7) inhibits virus entry by promoting endo-lysosomal vesicle acidification, and is effective against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. The acquisition of furin cleavage may have favored the utilization of cell surface TMPRSS proteases as a strategy to evade the suppressive effects of IFN-induced endo-lysosomal dysregulation on virus infection.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Huiping Shuai et al.
Summary: The study found that the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 and other N501Y-carrying variants can infect wildtype mice and rats, producing high viral loads and infectious virus particles in their respiratory tract. This suggests that these variants may have evolved to expand species tropism to murines.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Luca Braga et al.
Summary: COVID-19 patients' lungs contain infected pneumocytes with abnormal morphology and frequent multinucleation, leading to the formation of syncytia driven by the activation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The antihelminthic drug niclosamide has shown to effectively inhibit cell fusion, potentially providing a new therapeutic approach for COVID-19 disease pathogenesis.
Article
Microbiology
Thomas P. Peacock et al.
Summary: Efficient transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among infected ferrets is dependent on a functional furin cleavage site in the spike protein. The virus has a selective advantage in lung cells and primary human airway epithelial cells due to a polybasic insertion, but replication may be impaired in certain cell lines.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Florian A. Lempp et al.
Summary: The study reveals that C-type lectin receptors and other factors can serve as attachment receptors for SARS-CoV-2 infection, enhancing ACE2-mediated infection and modulating the neutralizing activity of antibodies.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lu Lu et al.
Summary: The study demonstrates that the N501Y mutation has a significant impact on neutralizing activity of COVID-19 convalescent sera and anti-RBD IgG assays. Patients infected with N501Y variants may exhibit reduced antibody binding and lower positivity rates in IgG assays.
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Medicine, General & Internal
Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan et al.
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Microbiology
Michael Letko et al.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Markus Hoffmann et al.
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Waradon Sungnak et al.
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Markus Hoffmann et al.
