Photocatalytic Degradation of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics in Solution by Au@ZnO-rGO-gC3N4 Composites

The photocatalytic degradation of two quinolone-type antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin) in aqueous solution was studied, using catalysts based on ZnO nanoparticles, which were synthesized by a thermal procedure. The efficiency of ZnO was subsequently optimized by incorporating different co-catalysts of gC(3)N(4), reduced graphene oxide, and nanoparticles of gold. The catalysts were fully characterized by electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), XPS, XRD, Raman, and BET surface area. The most efficient catalyst was 10%Au@ZnONPs-3%rGO-3%gC(3)N(4), obtaining degradations of both pollutants above 96%. This catalyst has the largest specific area, and its activity was related to a synergistic effect, involving factors such as the surface of the material and the ability to absorb radiation in the visible region, mainly produced by the incorporation of rGO and gC(3)N(4) in the semiconductor. The use of different scavengers during the catalytic process, was used to establish the possible photodegradation mechanism of both antibiotics.

Automated summary

This study investigates the photocatalytic degradation of two quinolone-type antibiotics in aqueous solution using ZnO nanoparticle-based catalysts, and optimizes the efficiency of the catalysts by incorporating different co-catalysts. The most efficient catalyst, 10%Au@ZnONPs-3%rGO-3%gC(3)N(4), achieves degradation rates of over 96% for both pollutants. The high efficiency is attributed to the catalyst's large specific surface area and its ability to absorb radiation in the visible region.