B Cell Numbers Predict Humoral and Cellular Response Upon SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Among Patients Treated With Rituximab

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Merryn Voysey et al.

Summary: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has been shown to have an acceptable safety profile and effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19, with higher efficacy observed in the group that received a low dose followed by a standard dose.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques

Katherine McMahan et al.

Summary: Adoptive transfer of purified IgG from convalescent macaques protects naive macaques against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cellular immune responses contribute to protection against rechallenge with SARS-CoV-2. The findings suggest that relatively low antibody titres are sufficient for protection against SARS-CoV-2 in macaques, while higher antibody titres are required for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Rheumatology

Factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic diseases: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry

Anja Strangfeld et al.

Summary: Factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic diseases include age, sex, comorbidities, disease activity, and specific medications. Adequate disease control with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) without increasing glucocorticoid dosages is important, while caution may be required with certain medications such as rituximab and sulfasalazine.

ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Mass Vaccination Setting

Noa Dagan et al.

Summary: A study conducted in Israel on nearly 600,000 individuals showed that the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was effective in reducing the risk of infection, hospitalization, and severe Covid-19. The effectiveness in preventing death was 72% during the period from day 14 through day 20 after the first dose, and hospitalization was reduced by 87% for the period 7 or more days after the second dose, similar to results from a randomized trial.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Rheumatology

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in rituximab-treated patients: evidence for impaired humoral but inducible cellular immune response

Michael Markus Bonelli et al.

ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (2021)

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Article Rheumatology

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination responses in untreated, conventionally treated and anticytokine-treated patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases

David Simon et al.

Summary: Immune response against SARS-CoV-2 is delayed and reduced in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, regardless of treatment.

ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (2021)

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Article Rheumatology

Immunogenicity and safety of anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in patients with chronic inflammatory conditions and immunosuppressive therapy in a monocentric cohort

Ulf M. Geisen et al.

Summary: In this study, the efficacy and safety of anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in immunosuppressed patients were compared with healthy controls. The results showed that all study participants developed antibodies, with lower IgG titres in patients compared to controls. Side effects were minimal and no disease flares were observed, demonstrating the efficiency and safety of mRNA vaccines in this cohort despite its small size.

ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (2021)

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Article Hematology

Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Yair Herishanu et al.

Summary: Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia have a significantly impaired antibody response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, which is influenced by disease activity and treatment.

BLOOD (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

SARS-CoV-2 infection rates of antibody-positive compared with antibody-negative health-care workers in England: a large, multicentre, prospective cohort study (SIREN)

Victoria Jane Hall et al.

Summary: This study investigated whether antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were associated with a decreased risk of symptomatic and asymptomatic reinfection. It found that individuals with a previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection had an 84% lower risk of reinfection, with a median protective effect lasting for 7 months following primary infection.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

David S. Khoury et al.

Summary: The level of neutralizing antibodies is closely related to immune protection against COVID-19, playing a crucial role in protecting against detected infection and severe infection. Studies have shown that neutralizing titers will decline over time after vaccination, leading to decreased protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Rheumatology

B cell depletion impairs vaccination-induced CD8+ T cell responses in a type I interferon-dependent manner

Theresa Graalmann et al.

Summary: Rituximab-treated patients and B cell-deficient mice showed reduced expansion of virus-specific CD8(+) T cells after vaccination/infection with different vaccines/pathogens, indicating that B cells can modulate CD8(+) T cell responses. The choice of vaccines for B cell-depleted patients needs to be re-evaluated to effectively induce protective CD8(+) T cell responses.

ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (2021)

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Letter Rheumatology

Correspondence on 'SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in rituximab-treated patients: evidence for impaired humoral but inducible cellular immune response'

Timm H. Westhoff et al.

ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (2021)

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Meeting Abstract Rheumatology

IMMUNOGENICITY AND SAFETY OF THE BNT162B2 MRNA COVID-19 VACCINE IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES AND GENERAL POPULATION: A MULTICENTER STUDY

V. Furer et al.

ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (2021)

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Article Rheumatology

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in rituximab-treated patients: B cells promote humoral immune responses in the presence of T-cell-mediated immunity

Daniel Mrak et al.

Summary: The study found that RTX-treated patients can develop SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies after vaccination, but only if peripheral B cells at least partially repopulate. Additionally, more than half of the vaccinated patients developed SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells, which may provide protective effects regardless of humoral immune responses.

ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (2021)

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Article Rheumatology

Methotrexate hampers immunogenicity to BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in immune-mediated inflammatory disease

Rebecca H. Haberman et al.

Summary: The study found that patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) on methotrexate treatment showed impaired humoral and cellular immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, while healthy subjects and IMID patients on biologic treatments demonstrated strong antibody responses. These results suggest that different strategies may need to be explored to enhance immunization efficacy for IMID patients on methotrexate treatment.

ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety and immunogenicity of heterologous versus homologous prime-boost schedules with an adenoviral vectored and mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Com-COV): a single-blind, randomised, non-inferiority trial

Xinxue Liu et al.

Summary: Heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine schedules could facilitate mass immunisation, with ChAd/BNT showing non-inferior immunogenicity compared to ChAd/ChAd, but BNT/ChAd did not demonstrate non-inferiority to BNT/BNT. The results support flexibility in using heterologous prime-boost vaccination with ChAd and BNT COVID-19 vaccines.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce persistent human germinal centre responses

Jackson S. Turner et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce a persistent germinal centre B cell response in humans, leading to the generation of robust humoral immunity, especially more significant in individuals previously infected with the virus.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cellular and humoral immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis on anti-CD20 therapy

Sokratis A. Apostolidis et al.

Summary: Patients with multiple sclerosis on anti-CD20 monotherapy exhibit significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and memory B cells, while CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are robustly activated compared to healthy controls after receiving BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 mRNA vaccination.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Impaired humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine in kidney transplant recipients and dialysis patients

Hector Rincon-Arevalo et al.

Summary: Patients with kidney failure are at increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection, making effective vaccination critical. However, studies have found significantly impaired antibody responses to the BNT162b2 vaccine in kidney transplant recipients and dialysis patients, leading to insufficient immune responses.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Impaired humoral and cellular immunity after SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 (tozinameran) prime-boost vaccination in kidney transplant recipients

Arne Sattler et al.

Summary: The study analyzed immune responses in kidney transplant recipients after receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine, finding weaker antibody responses in transplant patients compared to healthy individuals and most hemodialysis patients. Additionally, spike-specific T cell responses were significantly reduced in transplant patients, indicating a need for revised vaccination strategies in immunosuppressed individuals.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

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Review Rheumatology