Organic Electrochemical Transistors: An Emerging Technology for Biosensing

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Measurement of Electrophysiological Signals In Vitro Using High-Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors

James E. Tyrrell et al.

Summary: OECTs have proven to be successful in transducing physiological information and measuring high-frequency signals, with significant improvements in key performance parameters like peak transconductance and response time.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Polaron Delocalization in Donor-Acceptor Polymers and its Impact on Organic Electrochemical Transistor Performance

Maximilian Moser et al.

Summary: Donor-acceptor polymers based on diketopyrrolopyrrole unit show promising OECT performance similar to all-donor polymers, representing a significant improvement to previously developed D-A copolymers. DFT simulations suggest a positive correlation between hole polaron delocalization and steady-state OECT performance, providing new insights into the design of OECT materials. It is demonstrated that polaron delocalization can be tuned at the molecular level by selecting building blocks in the polymers' conjugated backbone, paving the way for higher performing OECT polymers.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

n-Type Rigid Semiconducting Polymers Bearing Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) Side Chains for High-Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Xingxing Chen et al.

Summary: Rigid n-type conjugated polymers bearing OEG side chains demonstrated high electron mobility and excellent performance in OECT devices, achieving among the highest levels reported to date. The metal-free aldol-condensation polymerization used for synthesis is beneficial for their application in bioelectronics.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

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Review Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Organic Electrochemical Transistors as an Emerging Platform for Bio-Sensing Applications: A Review

Marios Sophocleous et al.

Summary: Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have emerged as a major technology in flexible electronics, particularly in the field of biosensors. They have shown great potential in detecting biomolecules, enzymes, bacteria, viruses, cells, nucleotides, as well as in electrophysiological and wearable sensors. The paper reviews the advances in OECT-based biosensors, discusses device physics, and explores future development perspectives.

IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Microfluidic Integrated Organic Electrochemical Transistor with a Nanoporous Membrane for Amyloid-β Detection

Anil Koklu et al.

Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with no specific cure, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis. A common pathological change in AD-affected brains is the accumulation of Aβ protein into plaques, which was detected using a micron-scale OECT in this study.

ACS NANO (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Mixed Conduction in an N-Type Organic Semiconductor in the Absence of Hydrophilic Side-Chains

Jokubas Surgailis et al.

Summary: Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are essential components for biosensors, neuromorphic devices, and complementary circuits. When designing materials for OECTs, including a hydrophilic component is important for ion transport. Research has shown that ladder-type, side-chain free polymer BBL outperforms copolymers like P-90 in OECTs, exhibiting higher ion-to-electron coupling efficiency and mobility, as well as resisting water uptake due to the connectivity of its crystallites.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Controlling Electrochemically Induced Volume Changes in Conjugated Polymers by Chemical Design: from Theory to Devices

Maximilian Moser et al.

Summary: The electrochemically induced volume changes in organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) have a significant impact on their performance in electronic devices. This study shows that alterations in the molecular structure of OMIECs affect various processes during their electrochemical swelling, requiring careful balancing of these phenomena to maximize device performance. The findings provide insights into the importance of understanding the molecular processes in OMIECs for their potential applications.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Biophysics

PEDOT:PSS organic electrochemical transistors for electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing down to single cells

Felix Hempel et al.

Summary: The study investigated single-cell adhesion on organic electrochemical transistors using an impedimetric readout method, demonstrating single-cell resolution and potential future applications.

BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS (2021)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

A Biomimetic Evolvable Organic Electrochemical Transistor

Jennifer Y. Gerasimov et al.

Summary: Biomimicry at the hardware level shows potential to address challenges in artificial intelligence development, with the successful demonstration of an evolvable synaptic transistor controlled by multiple environmental inputs. This approach allows for self-regulation of synaptic strength and coincidence detection, paving the way for more advanced biomimetic logic circuits.

ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Dual-Gate Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Marine Sensing

Shuo-En Wu et al.

Summary: A novel dual-gate configuration for organic electrochemical transistors is demonstrated in this study to extend the stability window and improve device stability for monitoring dissolved oxygen in seawater. The sensor achieves a detection limit of 0.3 ppm dissolved oxygen concentration, with a sensitivity of 222 mu A cm(-2) ppm(-1) for concentrations below 5 ppm.

ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Reversible Electrochemical Charging of n-Type Conjugated Polymer Electrodes in Aqueous Electrolytes

Anna A. Szumska et al.

Summary: In aqueous electrolytes, attaching hydrophilic side chains to conjugated polymers enables redox activity and ion transport, but excessive water uptake can lead to irreversible swelling. Small changes in side chain composition significantly increase the reversibility of redox behavior, improving the polymer's capacity.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2021)

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Review Engineering, Biomedical

Current-Driven Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Monitoring Cell Layer Integrity with Enhanced Sensitivity

Katharina Lieberth et al.

Summary: This report provides an overview of using organic electrochemical transistors (OECT) as biosensors for impedance sensing of cell layers, with a focus on the enhanced ion-sensitivity achieved through current-driven OECT. The potential applications of this technology in drug delivery and toxicology studies are also discussed.

ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Redox-Active Polymers Designed for the Circular Economy of Energy Storage Devices

Siew Ting Melissa Tan et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates recyclable energy storage devices based on solution-processable redox-active conjugated polymers, achieving high performance and electrochemical stability through high electronic and ionic charge transport. The devices are able to retain over 85% of capacity in multiple recycling steps, providing a new framework for recyclability in sustainable energy storage technologies.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Ambipolar inverters based on cofacial vertical organic electrochemical transistor pairs for biosignal amplification

Reem B. Rashid et al.

Summary: The study introduces an active sensing node and inverter based on OECTs for signal amplification in bioelectronic sensing, providing new opportunities to improve signal quality and reduce the burden of signal transmission, while also demonstrating compatibility with nontraditional fabrication methods.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Ultrafast, sensitive, and portable detection of COVID-19 IgG using flexible organic electrochemical transistors

Hong Liu et al.

Summary: A rapid, low-cost, and portable SARS-CoV-2 IgG detection platform based on OECTs was reported, with remote control via mobile phone. By optimizing ion concentrations and pH values, specific detection of the virus was achieved in minutes, showing promise in the diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Rapid single-molecule detection of COVID-19 and MERS antigens via nanobody-functionalized organic electrochemical transistors

Keying Guo et al.

Summary: This study introduces organic electrochemical transistors functionalized with antigen-specific nanobodies for rapid and sensitive protein detection in complex bodily fluids. The sensors demonstrate high specificity and sensitivity, and can be reprogrammed to detect any protein antigen if a specific nanobody is available.

NATURE BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Electrolyte-gated transistors for enhanced performance bioelectronics

Fabrizio Torricelli et al.

Summary: This primer discusses the various architectures and mechanisms of electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs), as well as their applications in bioelectronics. It covers the materials and fabrication methods used in EGT structures, as well as the integration of functional bio-layers and biosystems. The primer also explores the advantages, limitations, possible optimizations, and future directions of EGTs in the field of bioelectronics.

NATURE REVIEWS METHODS PRIMERS (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Operation mechanism of organic electrochemical transistors as redox chemical transducers

Siew Ting Melissa Tan et al.

Summary: Organic mixed ionic electronic conductors (OMIECs) can be used as electrochemical redox sensors by controlling charge density through reactions with redox-active analytes. However, current sensors based on OECTs often do not meet the expected amplification performance.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

A high endurance, temperature-resilient, and robust organic electrochemical transistor for neuromorphic circuits

Songjia Han et al.

Summary: Artificial synapses combining sensing and computing functions have played an important role in emerging human-like sensory systems. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are highly sought as promising candidates, but high-performance and long-term stable OECTs that can be integrated with complex circuits are still missing. A hydrogel-based electrochemical transistor (HECT) is proposed here, showing long-term stability, a wide operating temperature, and robustness against damage, while successfully mimicking diverse synaptic functions. The transistor can be integrated with various sensors, providing a promising strategy for the development of future neuromorphic electronics.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2021)

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Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

n-Type organic semiconducting polymers: stability limitations, design considerations and applications

Sophie Griggs et al.

Summary: This review outlines the design strategies and challenges for developing high performing n-type materials in OTFT, OECT, and OTE fields. It discusses the limitations of n-type materials, specifically their ambient stability issues, and suggests synthetic methods to overcome them. Recent advancements in high performing n-type materials are detailed, along with their design principles.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors

Bryan D. Paulsen et al.

NATURE MATERIALS (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Reversible Electronic Solid-Gel Switching of a Conjugated Polymer

Johannes Gladisch et al.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Hydrogel‐Enabled Transfer Printing: Hydrogel‐Enabled Transfer‐Printing of Conducting Polymer Films for Soft Organic Bioelectronics (Adv. Funct. Mater. 6/2020)

Shiming Zhang et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Energetic Control of Redox-Active Polymers toward Safe Organic Bioelectronic Materials

Alexander Giovannitti et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Biofuel powered glucose detection in bodily fluids with an n-type conjugated polymer

David Ohayon et al.

NATURE MATERIALS (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Enhancement-Mode PEDOT:PSS Organic Electrochemical Transistors Using Molecular De-Doping

Scott T. Keene et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2020)

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Review Physics, Applied

Electrolyte-gated transistors for synaptic electronics, neuromorphic computing, and adaptable biointerfacing

Haifeng Ling et al.

APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Enhancement-mode ion-based transistor as a comprehensive interface and real-time processing unit for in vivo electrophysiology

Claudia Cea et al.

NATURE MATERIALS (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Side Chain Redistribution as a Strategy to Boost Organic Electrochemical Transistor Performance and Stability

Maximilian Moser et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2020)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Organic neuromorphic devices: Past, present, and future challenges

Yaakov Tuchman et al.

MRS BULLETIN (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

Layered Double Hydroxide-Modified Organic Electrochemical Transistor for Glucose and Lactate Biosensing

Isacco Gualandi et al.

SENSORS (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Multiscale real time and high sensitivity ion detection with complementary organic electrochemical transistors amplifier

Paolo Romele et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Recent Technological Advances in Fabrication and Application of Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Shuai Chen et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES (2020)

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Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Nanomesh Organic Electrochemical Transistor for Comfortable On- Skin Electrodes with Local Amplifying Function

Jiabin Wang et al.

ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS (2020)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Tuning PEDOT:PSS conductivity to obtain complementary organic electrochemical transistor

Jiaxin Fan et al.

ORGANIC ELECTRONICS (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

An Evolvable Organic Electrochemical Transistor for Neuromorphic Applications

Jennifer Y. Gerasimov et al.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Nanoplasmonic Sensor Detects Preferential Binding of IRSp53 to Negative Membrane Curvature

Gustav Emilsson et al.

FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Internal ion-gated organic electrochemical transistor: A building block for integrated bioelectronics

George D. Spyropoulos et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

Fully 3D printed OECT based logic gate for detection of cation type and concentration

Darren Majak et al.

SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL (2019)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Solvent Engineering for High-Performance n-Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Achilleas Savva et al.

ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Membrane-Free Detection of Metal Cations with an Organic Electrochemical Transistor

Shofarul Wustoni et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Enzyme-Free Detection of Glucose with a Hybrid Conductive Gel Electrode

Shofarul Wustoni et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Hybrid Alkyl-Ethylene Glycol Side Chains Enhance Substrate Adhesion and Operational Stability in Accumulation Mode Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Yazhou Wang et al.

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Structure functional insights into calcium binding during the activation of coagulation factor XIII A

Sneha Singh et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2019)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Wearable Organic Electrochemical Transistor Patch for Multiplexed Sensing of Calcium and Ammonium Ions from Human Perspiration

Scott T. Keene et al.

ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Influence of Water on the Performance of Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Achilleas Savva et al.

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2019)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Monolithic Integration of Ion-Selective Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Thin Film Transistors on Flexible Substrates

Adrien Pierre et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES (2019)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Wearable Fiber-Based Organic Electrochemical Transistors as a Platform for Highly Sensitive Dopamine Monitoring

Xing Qing et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Conjugated Polymer Actuators and Devices: Progress and Opportunities

Daniel Melling et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2019)

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Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Organic semiconductors for biological sensing

Jorge Borges-Gonzalez et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2019)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Electrocatalytic Production of Hydrogen Peroxide with Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Electrodes

Evangelia Mitraka et al.

ADVANCED SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS (2019)

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Article Materials Science, Biomaterials

Organic Electrochemical Transistor Arrays for In Vitro Electrophysiology Monitoring of 2D and 3D Cardiac Tissues

Xi Gu et al.

ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Design and evaluation of conjugated polymers with polar side chains as electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage in aqueous electrolytes

Davide Moia et al.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2019)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Active Materials for Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Erica Zeglio et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Complementary Logic Circuits Based on High-Performance n-Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Hengda Sun et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2018)

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Article Biophysics

Chirality detection of amino acid enantiomers by organic electrochemical transistor

Lijun Zhang et al.

BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS (2018)

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Article Biophysics

Highly selective and sensitive sensor based on an organic electrochemical transistor for the detection of ascorbic acid

Lijun Zhang et al.

BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

The Role of the Side Chain on the Performance of N-type Conjugated Polymers in Aqueous Electrolytes

Alexander Giovannitti et al.

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

Human influenza virus detection using sialyllactose-functionalized organic electrochemical transistors

Wenfeng Hai et al.

SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Subthreshold Operation of Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Biosignal Amplification

Vishak Venkatraman et al.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2018)

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Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Organic electrochemical transistors

Jonathan Rivnay et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Direct metabolite detection with an n-type accumulation mode organic electrochemical transistor

Anna Maria Pappa et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Molecularly selective nanoporous membrane-based wearable organic electrochemical device for noninvasive cortisol sensing

Onur Parlak et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Biomimetic Electronic Devices for Measuring Bacterial Membrane Disruption

Charalampos Pitsalidis et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Influence of PEDOT:PSS crystallinity and composition on electrochemical transistor performance and long-term stability

Seong-Min Kim et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Wearable Sensor System for Detection of Lactate in Sweat

Luke J. Currano et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2018)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Organic Transistor-Based Chemical Sensors for Wearable Bioelectronics

Moo Yeol Lee et al.

ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Balancing Charge Storage and Mobility in an Oligo(Ether) Functionalized Dioxythiophene Copolymer for Organic- and Aqueous- Based Electrochemical Devices and Transistors

Lisa R. Savagian et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2018)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Organic electrochemical transistor-based channel dimension-independent single-strand wearable sweat sensors

Youngseok Kim et al.

NPG ASIA MATERIALS (2018)

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Article Polymer Science

Catalytically enhanced organic transistors for in vitro toxicology monitoring through hydrogel entrapment of enzymes

Xenofon Strakosas et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2017)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Conducting Polymer PEDOT: Density Functional Theory Study

Sandeep Kumar Singh et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C (2017)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Electrochemical strain microscopy probes morphology-induced variations in ion uptake and performance in organic electrochemical transistors

R. Giridharagopal et al.

NATURE MATERIALS (2017)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

A non-volatile organic electrochemical device as a low-voltage artificial synapse for neuromorphic computing

Yoeri van de Burgt et al.

NATURE MATERIALS (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Neuromorphic device architectures with global connectivity through electrolyte gating

Paschalis Gkoupidenis et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Benchmarking organic mixed conductors for transistors

Sahika Inal et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Oxygen-induced doping on reduced PEDOT

E. Mitraka et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2017)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Highly Sensitive Detection of Protein Biomarkers with Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Ying Fu et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2017)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Lactate Detection in Tumor Cell Cultures Using Organic Transistor Circuits

Marcel Braendlein et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2017)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Integration of Organic Electrochemical and Field-Effect Transistors for Ultraflexible, High Temporal Resolution Electrophysiology Arrays

Wonryung Lee et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2016)

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Review Biophysics

Recent advances in salivary cancer diagnostics enabled by biosensors and bioelectronics

Saswat Mishra et al.

BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS (2016)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Polymer-Based Organic Batteries

Simon Muench et al.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2016)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Stable Deep Doping of Vapor-Phase Polymerized Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Ionic Liquid Supercapacitors

Christoffer Karlsson et al.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Structural control of mixed ionic and electronic transport in conducting polymers

Jonathan Rivnay et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2016)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Organic Transistor Arrays Integrated with Finger-Powered Microfluidics for Multianalyte Saliva Testing

Anna-Maria Pappa et al.

ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Organic electronics for high-resolution electrocorticography of the human brain

Dion Khodagholy et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2016)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Highly Sensitive Metabolite Biosensor Based on Organic Electrochemical Transistor Integrated with Microfluidic Channel and Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)-Capped Platinum Nanoparticles

Xudong Ji et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Orientation selectivity in a multi-gated organic electrochemical transistor

Paschalis Gkoupidenis et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2016)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Neuromorphic Functions in PEDOT:PSS Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Paschalis Gkoupidenis et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2015)

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Article Physics, Applied

Organic electrochemical transistors for cell-based impedance sensing

Jonathan Rivnay et al.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2015)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Blends for Electrochromic and Electrochemical Transistor Devices

Erica Zeglio et al.

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2015)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

Highly selective and sensitive glucose sensors based on organic electrochemical transistors using TiO2 nanotube arrays-based gate electrodes

Jianjun Liao et al.

SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL (2015)

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Article Materials Science, Biomaterials

A simple all-PEDOT: PSS electrochemical transistor for ascorbic acid sensing

I. Gualandi et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B (2015)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Highly-sensitive epinephrine sensors based on organic electrochemical transistors with carbon nanomaterial modified gate electrodes

Chun Hin Mak et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2015)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Solvent-induced changes in PEDOT: PSS films for organic electrochemical transistors

Shiming Zhang et al.

APL MATERIALS (2015)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Therapy using implanted organic bioelectronics

Amanda Jonsson et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2015)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

High-performance transistors for bioelectronics through tuning of channel thickness

Jonathan Rivnay et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2015)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Flexible Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Highly Selective Enzyme Biosensors and Used for Saliva Testing

Caizhi Liao et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2015)

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Article Polymer Science

A Glucose Sensor via Stable Immobilization of the GOx Enzyme on an Organic Transistor Using a Polymer Brush

M. Elizabeth Welch et al.

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY (2015)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Rigid and Flexible Organic Electrochemical Transistor Arrays for Monitoring Action Potentials from Electrogenic Cells

Chunlei Yao et al.

ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS (2015)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Clinical Applications

Pierre Leleux et al.

ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS (2015)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Ion-Selective Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Michele Sessolo et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2014)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electrocardiographic Recording with Conformable Organic Electrochemical Transistor Fabricated on Resorbable Bioscaffold

Alessandra Campana et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2014)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

Organic electrochemical transistors for signal amplification in fast scan cyclic voltammetry

Klas Tybrandt et al.

SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL (2014)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

Organic electrochemical transistor based biosensor for detecting marine diatoms in seawater medium

Jianjun Liao et al.

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