Lamellar Tetragonal Symmetry of Amphiphilic Thermotropic Ionic Liquid Crystals in the Framework of Other Closely Related Highly Ordered Structures

An overview of the chemical compounds forming the rare smectic T phases is presented with references to the historical context. Thermodynamics (transition temperatures, enthalpies) along with the factors (stereochemical constraints, electrostatic interactions, aliphatic chain stacking, intermolecular forces) contributing to the adoption of tetragonal scaffolds are also discussed. Characteristic optical microscopy textures and X-ray diffraction patterns are presented. In parallel, a comparison of the geometrical parameters such as distances between atoms, molecular areas, volumes, and lattice parameters with the closest two-dimensional and three-dimensional organizations, is performed.

Automated summary

An overview of the chemical compounds forming the rare smectic T phases is provided, along with references to the historical context. The thermodynamics and factors contributing to the adoption of tetragonal scaffolds are discussed, as well as characteristic optical microscopy textures and X-ray diffraction patterns. Furthermore, a comparison of geometrical parameters with other two-dimensional and three-dimensional organizations is performed.