期刊
SUSTAINABILITY
卷 13, 期 24, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/su132413938
关键词
direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs); polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs); membrane electrode assembly (MEA); methanol crossover; polarization; methanol oxidation; flooding; Nafion(R); platinum (Pt); ruthenium (Ru)
DMFC, a subset of PEMFC, offers benefits like fuel flexibility and benign operation, but faces challenges of degradation and inadequate reliability. Understanding the degradation mechanisms of MEA is crucial for commercialization.
Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) are typically a subset of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) that possess benefits such as fuel flexibility, reduction in plant balance, and benign operation. Due to their benefits, DMFCs could play a substantial role in the future, specifically in replacing Li-ion batteries for portable and military applications. However, the critical concern with DMFCs is the degradation and inadequate reliability that affect the overall value chain and can potentially impede the commercialization of DMFCs. As a consequence, a reliability assessment can provide more insight into a DMFC component's attributes. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is the integral component of the DMFC stack. A comprehensive understanding of its functional attributes and degradation mechanism plays a significant role in its commercialization. The methanol crossover through the membrane, carbon monoxide poisoning, high anode polarization by methanol oxidation, and operating parameters such as temperature, humidity, and others are significant contributions to MEA degradation. In addition, inadequate reliability of the MEA impacts the failure mechanism of DMFC, resulting in poor efficiency. Consequently, this paper provides a comprehensive assessment of several factors leading to the MEA degradation mechanism in order to develop a holistic understanding.
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