An efficient Cu2Zn1-xInxSn(S,Se)4 multicomponent photocathode via one-step hydrothermal approach for thin film solar cell

Substitution of the cation is a major focus to diminish the antisite defects and boost the photovoltaic properties of the Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)(4) absorber. In the present study, a facile hydrothermal route was successfully implemented for the synthesis of Cu2Zn1-xInxSn(S,Se)(4) (x = 0.0 to 0.075 M) (CZITSSe) thin films for solar cells. The morphology of the CZITSSe was engineered from nanocubes to compact well grown nanoflowers like surface morphology. The improvement in the photocurrent (J(sc)) from 3.09 to 4.26 mA cm(-2) associated with the photovoltage (V-oc) from 386 to 556 mV and accompanying improvement in the conversion efficiency (eta %) from 1.96% to 4.82% were accomplished via Indium (In3+) ion incorporation. The composition CZITSSe (x = 0.075 M) showed exemplary photoelectrochemical behavior with a highest photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.82%. Further, I-V performance of the deposited photocathode shows conversion efficiency of 2.01 to 5.12% as function of Indium ions incorporation. The improvement in PCE was mainly ascribed to improved crystal quality and suitable band gap energy. The EIS analysis demonstrates that the charge transfer resistance (R-ct) of the CZITSSe films was reduced with In3+ ion concentration. This work offers a one-step hydrothermal route that is a prominent way to develop an In3+ ion substituted Cu2Zn1-xInxSn(S,Se)(4) photoelectrode for competent solar energy harvesting.

Automated summary

In this study, Cu2Zn1-xInxSn(S,Se)(4) thin films were successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal route. The introduction of indium ions greatly improved the photocurrent, photovoltage, and conversion efficiency. The CZITSSe(x = 0.075 M) composition exhibited the best photoelectrochemical performance, with the highest photoconversion efficiency.