4.7 Review

The Role of the Microbiota in Graves' Disease and Graves' Orbitopathy

相关参考文献

注意:仅列出部分参考文献,下载原文获取全部文献信息。
Review Neurosciences

Role of Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis and Potential Therapeutic Implications

Xu Wang et al.

Summary: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) by influencing intestinal barrier permeability, initiating autoimmune responses, and disrupting blood-brain barrier integrity. This suggests that targeting the gut microbiota could be a potential therapeutic approach for MS.

CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY (2022)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Interplay of Microbiota and Citrullination in the Immunopathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Mohammed A. Alghamdi et al.

Summary: The microbiota is a balanced ecosystem with crucial functions for host health, but its dysbiosis is linked to diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. In the pathogenesis of RA, changes in microbiota composition and citrullinated proteins play vital roles in triggering immune responses.

PROBIOTICS AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEINS (2022)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Comparative assessment of gut microbial composition and function in patients with Graves' disease and Graves' orbitopathy

T-T Shi et al.

Summary: This study identified specific differences in intestinal bacteria between Graves' disease patients and Graves' orbitopathy patients, providing new insights into the role of gut bacteria in the development of Graves' orbitopathy. The intestinal microbial communities in Graves' disease patients showed distinct characteristics at the genus level, with potential implications for the pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy.

JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Microbial Butyrate Synthesis Indicates Therapeutic Efficacy of Azathioprine in IBD Patients

M. Effenberger et al.

Summary: Longitudinal microbiome changes in IBD patients undergoing therapy with either azathioprine or anti-TNF antibodies showed significant alterations in microbial community composition under specific therapies, with a notable increase in butyrate production capacity in patients in remission.

JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS (2021)

Review Ophthalmology

The Role of Gut Microbiome in Autoimmune Uveitis

Xiangyu Fu et al.

Summary: Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is closely related to autoimmune uveitis and can be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease through 4 mechanisms. Studying these mechanisms helps in the development of potential therapeutic strategies.

OPHTHALMIC RESEARCH (2021)

Article Biology

Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum supplied with methimazole improved the thyroid function of Graves' disease patients through the gut-thyroid axis

Dongxue Huo et al.

Summary: A 6-month study conducted by Huo et al in patients with Graves' Disease showed that the combination of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum with methimazole potentially improves thyroid function and regulates TRAb concentration through the gut-thyroid axis.

COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY (2021)

Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Selenium in Human Health and Gut Microflora: Bioavailability of Selenocompounds and Relationship With Diseases

Rannapaula Lawrynhuk Urbano Ferreira et al.

Summary: Selenium plays a crucial role in various bodily functions and maintaining a healthy gut microbiota. Its symbiotic relationship with gut bacteria helps in improving the bioavailability of selenocompounds and balancing microbial flora to prevent health damage associated with dysbiosis. However, selenium deficiency can lead to a phenotype of gut microbiota that is more susceptible to certain diseases, highlighting the importance of adequate selenium intake for both human and bacterial health.

FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Efficacy Profile and Safety of Very Low-Dose Rituximab in Patients with Graves' Orbitopathy

Guia Vannucchi et al.

Summary: The study found that a low dose of rituximab is effective in treating active moderate-severe Graves' orbitopathy (GO), with better tolerance and cost-effectiveness compared to higher doses. Disease activity ceased within 24 weeks post-treatment, and severity improved in 60% of patients.

THYROID (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Gut Microbiota May Play a Significant Role in the Pathogenesis of Graves' Disease

Wen Jiang et al.

Summary: This study identified differences in the composition and metabolism of gut microbiota in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases, particularly Graves' disease. Lactobacillus may play a key role in the pathogenesis, and certain microbial genera showed significant correlations with thyroid function tests. The findings suggest that microbiota could be a potential noninvasive diagnostic tool for Graves' disease, and further research is needed to explore their role in autoimmune thyroid diseases.

THYROID (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Associations between gut microbiota and thyroidal function status in Chinese patients with Graves' disease

J. Chen et al.

Summary: The study found that the gut microbiota diversity in GD patients was significantly lower than in healthy volunteers, with differences mainly at the genus level. With improvement in thyroid function, specific genus abundance also changed significantly. Spearman correlation analysis revealed positive and negative correlations between TRAb levels and certain bacterial genera.

JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Gut microbiome and thyroid autoimmunity

Camilla Virili et al.

Summary: The intestinal microbiota has a pleiotropic effect on the intestinal barrier, nutrients metabolism, and immune system development and functions. Recent evidence suggests a possible role of altered gut microbiota composition in the pathogenesis and progression of several autoimmune disorders, including thyroid autoimmune diseases.

BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2021)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Mycophenolate mediated remodeling of gut microbiota and improvement of gut-brain axis in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Inaki Robles-Vera et al.

Summary: The study suggests that MMF reduces gut dysbiosis in SHR by improving gut integrity, reducing neuroinflammation, and enhancing aortic endothelial function, ultimately leading to lower blood pressure in hypertensive rats.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2021)

Review Microbiology

Microbiota-antibody interactions that regulate gut homeostasis

Allison M. Weis et al.

Summary: IgA is the most abundant antibody at mucosal surfaces and plays a crucial role in neutralizing harmful toxins and regulating the composition and function of commensal microbiota. The interaction between IgA and the microbiota promotes homeostasis with the host to prevent disease.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2021)

Article Immunology

Multi 'Omics Analysis of Intestinal Tissue in Ankylosing Spondylitis Identifies Alterations in the Tryptophan Metabolism Pathway

Adam J. Berlinberg et al.

Summary: The study identified significant alterations in tryptophan pathway metabolites, including an expansion of indole-3-acetate (IAA) and indole-3-acetaldehyde (I3Ald), in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) compared to other disease groups and healthy controls, suggesting a possible specificity in the development of axSpA. This indicates that tryptophan metabolism into I3Ald and then IAA may be a mechanism through which the gut microbiome potentially influences the pathophysiology of axSpA.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Microbiology

Modulating gut microbiota in a mouse model of Graves' orbitopathy and its impact on induced disease

Sajad Moshkelgosha et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates the role of gut microbiota in TSHR-induced disease, with profound effects on quantifiable GD endocrine and immune factors. The impact on GO cellular changes is more nuanced, holding translational potential for novel, improved treatments.

MICROBIOME (2021)

Article Immunology

Alterations of Gut Microbiota in Patients With Graves' Disease

Shih-Cheng Chang et al.

Summary: The composition of gut microbiota differs significantly between Graves' disease patients and healthy controls, suggesting a potential role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of GD. Further studies are needed to fully understand this relationship.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Cytokines as Targets of Novel Therapies for Graves' Ophthalmopathy

Poupak Fallahi et al.

Summary: GD is an autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid, potentially leading to hyperthyroidism, with GO being an extra-thyroidal manifestation. Elevated cytokines may be related to the chronic effects of thyroid hormone increase, while a prevalent Th1 immune response plays a crucial role in the immune-pathogenesis of GD and GO.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

The 2021 European Group on Graves' orbitopathy (EUGOGO) clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of Graves' orbitopathy

L. Bartalena et al.

Summary: Graves' orbitopathy is the main extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease, and treatment should be based on clinical activity and severity assessment. Early referral to specialized centers is crucial for most patients. Treatment plans should be tailored to individual patients based on their specific conditions and risk factors.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

Article Rheumatology

Identification of Novel, Immunogenic HLA-DR-Presented Prevotella copri Peptides in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Annalisa Pianta et al.

Summary: Using tandem mass spectrometry, this study identified 5 HLA-DR-presented Pc peptides, each derived from a different Pc protein, in PBMCs from RA patients. Among the RA patients, 74% had T cell responses, and 53% had IgG or IgA responses to at least one of the 5 Pc peptides or proteins, with IgA reactivity with Pc-p27 being the most common. Furthermore, a correlation was found between IgA Pc antibody responses and ACPA levels in RA patients, suggesting a role of specific microbial antigens in shaping immune responses in RA joints.

ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Teprotumumab for patients with active thyroid eye disease: a pooled data analysis, subgroup analyses, and off-treatment follow-up results from two randomised, double-masked, placebo-controlled, multicentre trials

George J. Kahaly et al.

Summary: The study showed that teprotumumab had a significant therapeutic effect on thyroid eye disease, particularly in reducing proptosis and improving diplopia. Teprotumumab demonstrated good efficacy in different patient subgroups, with most patients maintaining responses in the long term.

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

Review Microbiology

Infective Endocarditis: A Focus on Oral Microbiota

Carmela Del Giudice et al.

Summary: Infective endocarditis is an inflammatory disease caused by bacteria, and prevention and improvement of oral hygiene are important strategies. The oral microbiota may be one of the significant risk factors for infection.

MICROORGANISMS (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Highlighting the Relevance of Gut Microbiota Manipulation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Flavia Maria Pavel et al.

Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), characterized by chronic gut inflammation due to genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Microbial studies have identified the role of gut microbiome in IBD pathophysiology, highlighting the importance of microbiome management in treatment, with probiotics and prebiotics showing beneficial effects.

DIAGNOSTICS (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Fecal microbiota transplantation for rheumatoid arthritis: A case report

Jiaqi Zeng et al.

Summary: This case suggests that FMT may be a promising treatment for refractory RA.

CLINICAL CASE REPORTS (2021)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Alterations of gut microbiome in autoimmune hepatitis

Yiran Wei et al.

Review Ophthalmology

The gut-eye-lacrimal gland-microbiome axis in Sjogren Syndrome

Claudia M. Trujillo-Vargas et al.

OCULAR SURFACE (2020)

Article Ophthalmology

Fibrosis in dysthyroid eye disease

Marian Ludgate

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Involvement of the Gut Microbiota and Barrier Function in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis

Jonathan D. Schepper et al.

JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH (2020)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

New insights into the pathogenesis and nonsurgical management of Graves orbitopathy

Peter N. Taylor et al.

NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Chemically or surgically induced thyroid dysfunction altered gut microbiota in rat models

Na Rae Shin et al.

FASEB JOURNAL (2020)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Shifts in the gut microbiota of mice in response to dexamethasone administration

Haichao Zhao et al.

INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Graves' disease

Terry F. Davies et al.

NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS (2020)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Gut Dysbiosis Contributes to the Imbalance of Treg and Th17 Cells in Graves' Disease Patients by Propionic Acid

Xinhuan Su et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Anti-IL-6 Receptor Tocilizumab in Refractory Graves' Orbitopathy: National Multicenter Observational Study of 48 Patients

Lara Sanchez-Bilbao et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2020)

Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Differential Microbial Pattern Description in Subjects with Autoimmune-Based Thyroid Diseases: A Pilot Study

Isabel Cornejo-Pareja et al.

JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE (2020)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Microbiome and Graves' Orbitopathy

Giulia Masetti et al.

EUROPEAN THYROID JOURNAL (2020)

Review Immunology

Molecular Mimicry and Uveitis

Gerhild Wildner et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Article Infectious Diseases

Helicobacter pylori Infection and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: The Role of Virulent Strains

Natale Figura et al.

ANTIBIOTICS-BASEL (2020)

Review Ophthalmology

Importance of the intestinal microbiota in ocular inflammatory diseases: A review

Phoebe Lin

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY (2019)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Alterations in the intestinal microbiota of patients with severe and active Graves' orbitopathy: a cross-sectional study

T. -T. Shi et al.

JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION (2019)

Review Cell Biology

Microbiome, Parkinson's Disease and Molecular Mimicry

Fabiana Miraglia et al.

Review Ophthalmology

Relationship between the microbiome and ocular health

Kara M. Cavuoto et al.

OCULAR SURFACE (2019)

Review Immunology

Commensal Bacteria: An Emerging Player in Defense Against Respiratory Pathogens

Rabia Khan et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

Review Biology

Connect between gut microbiome and diseases of the human eye

S. Shivaji

JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES (2019)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Microbiota and Thyroid Interaction in Health and Disease

Eleonore Froehlich et al.

TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM (2019)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Glucorticoid-induced obesity individuals have distinct signatures of the gut microbiome

Dongxu Qiu et al.

BIOFACTORS (2019)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Gut dysbiosis and lack of short chain fatty acids in a Chinese cohort of patients with multiple sclerosis

Qin Zeng et al.

NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL (2019)

Editorial Material Medicine, Research & Experimental

Comments to the Editor concerning the paper entitled The microbiome and ophthalmic disease by Baim et al.

Michael Doulberis et al.

EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (2019)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Recent Advances on Microbiota Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmunity

Elena Gianchecchi et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2019)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Insights Into Local Orbital Immunity: Evidence for the Involvement of the Th17 Cell Pathway in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy

Sijie Fang et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2019)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Microbial network disturbances in relapsing refractory Crohn's disease

Bahtiyar Yilmaz et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2019)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

The Potential Link between Gut Microbiota and Serum TRAb in Chinese Patients with Severe and Active Graves' Orbitopathy

Ting-Ting Shi et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2019)

Review Immunology

Microbiome Dependent Regulation of Tregs and Th17 Cells in Mucosa

Pushpa Pandiyan et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Evaluating Causality of Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Diabetes in Humans

Abraham S. Meijnikman et al.

ENDOCRINE REVIEWS (2018)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Gut Microbiota and IGF-1

Jing Yan et al.

CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL (2018)

Editorial Material Microbiology

Molecular (Me)micry?

Orly Avni et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2018)

Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Food Design To Feed the Human Gut Microbiota

Danilo Ercolini et al.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2018)

Review Neurosciences

Human Gut Microbiota in Health and Alzheimer's Disease

Leszek Szablewski

JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE (2018)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

An intact microbiota is required for the gastrointestinal toxicity of the immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil

Kyle L. Flannigan et al.

JOURNAL OF HEART AND LUNG TRANSPLANTATION (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Glucocorticoids modulate gastrointestinal microbiome in a wild bird

Jose C. Noguera et al.

ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE (2018)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Molecular Alteration Analysis of Human Gut Microbial Composition in Graves' disease Patients

Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Commensal microflora-induced T cell responses mediate progressive neurodegeneration in glaucoma

Huihui Chen et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

Review Microbiology

Segmented Filamentous Bacteria - Metabolism Meets Immunity

Grant A. Hedblom et al.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2018)

Article Immunology

Molecular mimicry and autoimmunity

Manuel Rojas et al.

JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY (2018)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Effects of Dietary Selenium Supplementation on Intestinal Barrier and Immune Responses Associated with Its Modulation of Gut Microbiota

Qixiao Zhai et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS (2018)

Article Ophthalmology

Gut Microbiota Composition and Fecal Metabolic Phenotype in Patients With Acute Anterior Uveitis

Xinyue Huang et al.

INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Involvement of a gut-retina axis in protection against dietary glycemia-induced age-related macular degeneration

Sheldon Rowan et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2017)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Increased Circulating Th17 but Decreased CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg and CD19+ CD1dhiCD5+ Breg Subsets in New-Onset Graves' Disease

Jing Qin et al.

BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL (2017)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

The thyroid, the eyes and the gut: a possible connection

D. Covelli et al.

JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION (2017)

Article Immunology

Probiotic Lactobacillus Strains Stimulate the Inflammatory Response and Activate Human Macrophages

L. M. Rocha-Ramirez et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH (2017)

Review Immunology

The microbiota and autoimmunity: Their role in thyroid autoimmune diseases

Hedda L. Koehling et al.

CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2017)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Quantitative metagenomics reveals unique gut microbiome biomarkers in ankylosing spondylitis

Chengping Wen et al.

GENOME BIOLOGY (2017)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Linking the Human Gut Microbiome to Inflammatory Cytokine Production Capacity

Melanie Schirmer et al.

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

IL-17A Exacerbates Fibrosis by Promoting the Proinflammatory and Profibrotic Function of Orbital Fibroblasts in TAO

Sijie Fang et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2016)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Graves' Disease

Terry J. Smith et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2016)

Article Immunology

The Microbiota Determines Susceptibility to Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis

Jarmila Heissigerova et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH (2016)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Mediterranean diet and faecal microbiota: a transversal study

I. Gutierrez-Diaz et al.

FOOD & FUNCTION (2016)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Using Corticosteroids to Reshape the Gut Microbiome: Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Edmond Y. Huang et al.

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (2015)

Review Immunology

The Treg/Th17 Axis: A Dynamic Balance Regulated by the Gut Microbiome

Sara Omenetti et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

Review Pediatrics

The human neonatal gut microblome: a brief review

Emily C. Gritz et al.

FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS (2015)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Role of the Microbiota in Immunity and Inflammation

Yasmine Belkaid et al.

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Graves' Ophthalmopathy: Epidemiology and Natural History

Yuji Hiromatsu et al.

INTERNAL MEDICINE (2014)

Article Rheumatology

Diet, microbiota and autoimmune diseases

S. M. Vieira et al.

Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Linking the gut microbiota to human health

Virginia Robles Alonso et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION (2013)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The Microbial Metabolites, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Regulate Colonic Treg Cell Homeostasis

Patrick M. Smith et al.

SCIENCE (2013)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Dietary selenium affects host selenoproteome expression by influencing the gut microbiota

Marina V. Kasaikina et al.

FASEB JOURNAL (2011)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Orbital fibrosis in a mouse model of Graves' disease induced by genetic immunization of thyrotropin receptor cDNA

Shuang-Xia Zhao et al.

JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2011)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Selenium and the Course of Mild Graves' Orbitopathy

Claudio Marcocci et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2011)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Proinflammatory T-cell responses to gut microbiota promote experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Yun Kyung Lee et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2011)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Identification of a Correlation between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Graves' Disease

Vincenzo Bassi et al.

HELICOBACTER (2010)

Article Infectious Diseases

Veillonella as a cause of chronic anaerobic pneumonitis

Ashok Shah et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2008)

Article Microbiology

Thiopurine drugs azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine inhibit Mycobacterium paratuberculosis growth in vitro

Sung Jae Shin et al.

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY (2008)

Article Immunology

TH-17 cells in the circle of immunity and autoimmunity

Estelle Bettelli et al.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2007)

Article Ophthalmology

Infliximab: A Novel Treatment for Sight-Threatening Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy

O. M. Durrani et al.

ORBIT-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON ORBITAL DISORDERS AND FACIAL RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY (2005)

Article Physiology

Reduction of renal immune cell infiltration results in blood pressure control in genetically hypertensive rats

B Rodríguez-Iturbe et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY (2002)