Surface Nanopatterned Shape Memory Alloy (SMA)-Based Photosensitive Artificial Muscle

Light-driven shape memory alloy (SMA)-based microscale actuators show great promise for artificial muscle and biomedical applications, as they are actuated remotely and have a fast response speed. However, ultraviolet (UV) light is required for device actuation; thus, the operating environment has been limited. Here, an infrared (IR) light-driven SMA actuator is proposed, in which the plasmonic effect is used to enhance IR light absorptance. A sub-micrometer pattern is used to create an optical meta-surface capable of tuning the light absorptance. Conical nanohole arrays are fabricated with a focused ion beam. The absorptance tuning effect is evaluated in terms of the optical characteristics and performance of the actuator. The nanopatterned surface increases the narrow-band IR light absorption by up to 55%. Optics simulations are conducted to verify the experimental results. A pattern design method is proposed, based on the light wavelength of the stimulating source. Combining heterogeneous surfaces, both UV and IR light achieve decoupled microscale actuation. These actuators show a response similar to that of the iris muscle, which is responsible for the eye's pupillary reflex. It is expected that these actuators will broaden SMA applications in clinical devices and soft robotics.

Automated summary

This study proposes an IR light-driven SMA actuator that enhances light absorptance through the plasmonic effect, creating an optical meta-surface with sub-micrometer patterns. The absorptance tuning effect is evaluated through optics simulations, showing increased narrow-band IR light absorption by up to 55%. These actuators enable decoupled microscale actuation using UV and IR light, with a response similar to that of the iris muscle, expanding the applications of SMAs in clinical devices and soft robotics.