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Article
Immunology
Laith J. Abu-Raddad et al.
Summary: A study in Qatar found a low rate of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2, with most cases being asymptomatic and suggesting protective immunity lasting for at least a few months post primary infection.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Yanshan Zhu et al.
Summary: The role of children in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 remains controversial, with studies showing lower transmission rates when children are index cases and lower secondary attack rates in pediatric household contacts compared to adults. These findings have implications for COVID-19 management and potential vaccine prioritization strategies.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
N. Kojima et al.
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among prior infected individuals and found a sustained protective effect for up to 10 months, similar to the protection offered by vaccination. There were potential biases in the studies, including information, selection, and analysis biases. Further research is needed to understand the duration of protection and the impact of different SARS-CoV-2 variants.
EVALUATION & THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Louis du Plessis et al.
Summary: The study analyzed the genetic lineage structure of the early UK COVID-19 epidemic through genomic sampling, identifying that virus lineages introduced before the national lockdown tended to be larger and more dispersed. After the lockdown, lineage importation and regional diversity decreased, while lineage elimination depended on lineage size. The research emphasizes the impact of genetic perspective on transmission dynamics for COVID-19 epidemiology and control.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Summer E. Galloway et al.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Laith J. Abu-Raddad et al.
Summary: We report two cases of viremic and prolonged active infection with SARS-CoV-2 where the viral genome remained stable for two months, but with minimal or no symptoms. Clearance of infection occurred 40 and 41 days after detectable antibodies appeared in each case. These cases were incidentally identified during an investigation on reinfection among a cohort of 133,266 laboratory-confirmed infected individuals.
INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hiam Chemaitelly et al.
Summary: In a study conducted in Qatar involving over 900,000 participants, vaccine effectiveness peaked at 77.5% in the first month after the second dose. However, it declined afterwards to as low as 20% in months 5 through 7 after vaccination, while protection against severe Covid-19 remained above 90% for at least 6 months.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pengfei Wang et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had global repercussions, with promising vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies. However, newly detected variants of SARS-CoV-2 present challenges to these treatment options.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas G. Davies et al.
Summary: A new variant of SARS-CoV-2 has emerged in England, with a higher reproduction number and potential for large resurgences of COVID-19 cases. Without stringent control measures, it is projected that COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths in England for the first 6 months of 2021 will exceed those in 2020. The variant has spread globally and exhibited similar transmission increases in Denmark, Switzerland, and the United States.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Robert Challen et al.
Summary: The study found that the mortality hazard ratio associated with infection with VOC-202012/1 compared with previously circulating variants was 1.64, indicating an increase in deaths from 2.5 to 4.1 per 1000 detected cases in comparatively low risk group of covid-19 patients in the community. This suggests that infection with VOC-202012/1 may lead to substantial additional mortality compared with previously circulating variants, impacting healthcare capacity planning and control policies.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Houssein H. Ayoub et al.
Summary: Mathematical modeling and forecasting successfully guided Qatar's national response to the epidemic, effectively reducing the impact on the healthcare system and bringing the epidemic under control.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Fatiha M. Benslimane et al.
Summary: "The study in Qatar revealed a diverse range of virus lineages during the COVID-19 outbreak, indicating local transmission chains and emergence of new mutations. Continued genomic surveillance is crucial for monitoring the changes in SARS-CoV-2 in Qatar."
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Delphine Planas et al.
Summary: The ability of convalescent sera from individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 and those vaccinated with BNT162b2 to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants B1.1.7 and B.1.351 decreases, but increases after two vaccine doses. The study found that the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants may have acquired partial resistance to neutralizing antibodies generated by natural infection or vaccination, particularly in individuals with low antibody levels. This suggests that the B.1.351 variant may pose a greater risk of infection in immunized individuals.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Laith J. Abu-Raddad et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Laith J. Abu-Raddad et al.
Summary: The study provided descriptive epidemiology of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Qatar, showing age as the strongest predictor of severe, critical, or fatal infection. Most cases were asymptomatic. The rapid decline in cases was attributed to the growing immunity levels in the population.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Mohamed H. Al-Thani et al.
Summary: Six in every 10 craft and manual workers in Qatar have been infected with COVID-19, suggesting the herd immunity threshold has been reached. The severity rate of infections was low, with the majority of infections being asymptomatic or mild.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mohammad R. Hasan et al.
Summary: This study successfully characterized the transmission dynamics of the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Qatar between April and June 2021 using PCR genotyping and Sanger sequencing techniques.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hiam Chemaitelly et al.
Summary: A study showed that the mRNA-1273 vaccine is highly effective against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants of concern, with efficacy rates of 100% and 96.4% respectively. The vaccine's effectiveness increases rapidly in the weeks following the first dose, reaching maximum efficacy after the second dose, providing strong protection against severe COVID-19 outcomes.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jayaprakash Saththasivam et al.
Summary: Sampling raw wastewater from major treatment plants in Qatar, it was found that there was a significant discrepancy between the estimated number of infected people and the officially reported cases. Wastewater-based epidemiology proved to be a more reliable method for assessing the true incidence trend in the population.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shaheen Seedat et al.
Summary: The study shows a significant age dependence in the severity and fatality rates of SARS-CoV-2, with higher risks for older age groups. Despite Qatar's young population, if the demographic structure were similar to Europe or the United States, the disease burden would be much higher.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter Coyle et al.
Summary: The study found that less than two in every 10 individuals in Qatar's urban population had detectable antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, indicating that herd immunity is still far off and there is a risk of subsequent infection waves. Higher antibody titers may serve as a biomarker of repeated exposures to the infection.
Review
Immunology
Deborah Cromer et al.
Summary: The duration of immunity to COVID-19 and the risk of reinfection remain unclear. Immunity is crucial for long-term control of the pandemic, but studies suggest a decline in antibody responses and an increase in documented cases of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2. Understanding memory responses and immune control dynamics is essential for designing vaccines and predicting the future trajectory of the pandemic.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Laith J. Abu-Raddad et al.
Summary: The study shows that reinfection is rare in Qatar's young and international population, with natural infection providing strong protection against reinfection with an estimated efficacy of around 95% for at least seven months. Reinfections are often less severe than primary infections.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Houssein H. Ayoub et al.
Summary: The study found that prioritizing vaccination for those who are antibody-negative can lead to faster reduction in infection rates and faster return to normalcy. Additionally, further prioritization based on age group can amplify the benefits of prioritization by antibody status.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Nandini Sethuraman et al.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Houssein H. Ayoub et al.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hanan M. Al Kuwari et al.
Article
Immunology
Ke Hong et al.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2020)
News Item
Medicine, General & Internal
Jacqui Wise
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Richard J. Drew et al.
DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2020)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ania Wajnberg et al.
Article
Immunology
Qian Li et al.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2020)
Article
Statistics & Probability
Peter C. Austin
COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-SIMULATION AND COMPUTATION
(2009)
