4.6 Review

Ginsenosides are active ingredients in Panax ginseng with immunomodulatory properties from cellular to organismal levels

期刊

JOURNAL OF GINSENG RESEARCH
卷 46, 期 6, 页码 711-721

出版社

KOREAN SOC GINSENG
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.12.007

关键词

Ginsenoside; Immunomodulation; Immunostimulant; Immunosuppressant; Immune response

资金

  1. Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
  2. Ministry of Science and ICT, Republic of Korea
  3. [2017R1A6A1A03015642]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

The immune system plays a crucial role in the human body, with immunomodulation being its main function. Ginsenosides, derived from ginseng, have both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects.
The immune system is one of the most important parts of the human body and immunomodulation is the major function of the immune system. In response to outside pathogens or high inflammation, the immune system is stimulated or suppressed. Thus, identifying effective and potent immunostimulants or immunosuppressants is critical. Ginsenosides are a type of steroid saponin derived from ginseng. Most are harmless to the body and even have tonic effects. In this review, we mainly focus on the immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive roles of two types ginsenosides: the protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type and protopanaxatriol (PPT)-type. PPT-type ginsenosides include Rg1, Rg2, Rh4, Re and notoginsenoside R1, and PPD-type ginsenosides include Rg3, Rh2, Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, compound K (CK) and PPD, which activate the immune responses. In addition, Rg1 and Rg6 belong to PPT-type ginsenosides and together with Rg3, Rb1, Rd, CK show immunosuppressive properties. Current explorations of ginsenosides in immunological areas are in the preliminary stages. Therefore, this review may provide some novel ideas to researchers who study the immunoregulatory roles of ginsenosides.(c) 2021 The Korean Society of Ginseng. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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