Can Hip-Knee Line Angle Distinguish the Size of Pelvic Incidence?-Development of Quick Noninvasive Assessment Tool for Pelvic Incidence Classification

This study aimed to explore effective measurement angles for pelvic incidence (PI) classification and to develop a quick, noninvasive assessment tool for PI classification. We defined five variation types of hip-knee line (HKL) angles and tested the discrimination ability of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis using 125 photographs of upright standing posture from the right lateral side. ROC analysis revealed an applicable HKL angle defined by the line connecting the most raised part of the buttock and the central point of the knee and the midthigh line. The acceptable cut-off points for discriminating small or large PIs in terms of HKL angle were 18.5 degrees for small PI (sensitivity, 0.91; specificity, 0.79) and 21.5 degrees for large PI discrimination (sensitivity, 0.74; specificity, 0.72). In addition, we devised a quick noninvasive assessment tool for PI classification using the cut-offs of the HKL angle with a view to practical application. The results of intra- and inter-rater reliability ensured a substantial/moderate level of the tool (Cohen's kappa coefficient, 0.79; Fleiss's kappa coefficient, 0.50-0.54). These results revealed that the HKL angle can distinguish the size of the PI with a high/moderate discrimination ability. Furthermore, the tool indicated acceptable inter-/intra-rater reliability for practical applications.

Automated summary

This study aimed to identify effective measurement angles for pelvic incidence (PI) classification and develop a quick, noninvasive assessment tool. The results revealed that the HKL angle can accurately distinguish the size of PI and a reliable tool was designed for practical application.