Cellular and humoral functional responses after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination differ longitudinally between naive and subjects recovered from COVID-19

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Merryn Voysey et al.

Summary: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has been shown to have an acceptable safety profile and effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19, with higher efficacy observed in the group that received a low dose followed by a standard dose.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques

Katherine McMahan et al.

Summary: Adoptive transfer of purified IgG from convalescent macaques protects naive macaques against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cellular immune responses contribute to protection against rechallenge with SARS-CoV-2. The findings suggest that relatively low antibody titres are sufficient for protection against SARS-CoV-2 in macaques, while higher antibody titres are required for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Maturation and persistence of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 memory B cell response

Aurelien Sokal et al.

Summary: Memory B cells play a crucial role in host defense against SARS-CoV-2, with distinct B cell clone responses to the virus contributing to long-lasting immune protection. The study also highlights the significance of somatic mutations in the variable region genes of memory B cells over time, indicating continued maturation and long-term immune memory post-infection.

CELL (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Waning Immunity after the BNT162b2 Vaccine in Israel

Yair Goldberg et al.

Summary: The immunity against the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 waned in all age groups in Israel a few months after receiving the second dose of the vaccine, leading to an increase in infection and severe cases.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Waning of BNT162b2 Vaccine Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Qatar

Hiam Chemaitelly et al.

Summary: In a study conducted in Qatar involving over 900,000 participants, vaccine effectiveness peaked at 77.5% in the first month after the second dose. However, it declined afterwards to as low as 20% in months 5 through 7 after vaccination, while protection against severe Covid-19 remained above 90% for at least 6 months.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection on humoral and T-cell responses to single-dose BNT162b2 vaccine

Maria Prendecki et al.

LANCET (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Delayed Second Dose versus Standard Regimen for Covid-19 Vaccination

[Anonymous]

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Antibody Responses in Seropositive Persons after a Single Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine

Florian Krammer et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Virology

Antibody Response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Subjects with Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Federico Gobbi et al.

Summary: Individuals who previously contracted SARS-CoV-2 are expected to have a more rapid and sustained immune response to COVID-19 vaccines, with markedly higher titers of neutralizing antibodies compared to natural infection. A single dose of the vaccine may be sufficient to induce an effective response in previously infected individuals.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

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Article Immunology

Evidence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Memory B Cells Six Months After Vaccination With the BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine

Annalisa Ciabattini et al.

Summary: The study found that spike-specific antibodies and memory B cells still persisted up to 6 months after BNT162b2 vaccine administration, indicating a lasting immune protection against SARS-CoV-2 virus.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Immunological memory and neutralizing activity to a single dose of COVID-19 vaccine in previously infected individuals

Mitnala Sasikala et al.

Summary: After a single dose of mRNA vaccine, individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibited higher levels of immune memory compared to those with no prior exposure, including neutralizing antibody response and memory T and B cell counts.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Evidence for retained spike-binding and neutralizing activity against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in serum of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine recipients

Juan Manuel Carreno et al.

Summary: The study found that currently circulating viral variants, including Iota and Delta, show only minimal decreases in neutralization, while the Lambda sub-variant exhibits a significant reduction in neutralization, followed by Beta and Alpha (E484K). Overall, mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines may still be effective against these viral variants, and receptor binding domain and spike binding antibody tests may retain specificity in the face of evolving SARS-CoV-2 diversity.

EBIOMEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

BNT162b2 vaccination induces durable SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells with a stem cell memory phenotype

Gisella Guerrera et al.

Summary: Vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine induces a sustained anti-viral T cell response for at least 6 months, demonstrating immunological competence and long-term memory against SARS-CoV-2.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Waning of IgG, Total and Neutralizing Antibodies 6 Months Post-Vaccination with BNT162b2 in Healthcare Workers

Jean-Louis Bayart et al.

Summary: Data from this study showed a significant decline in antibodies levels at day 180 post SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, with a more pronounced decrease in neutralizing antibodies. The estimated half-life of IgG was around 21 days in seronegative individuals and 53 days in seropositive individuals, while the half-life of total antibodies ranged from 68 to 114 days. The decline in neutralizing antibodies was particularly stark, with around 45% of subjects testing negative at day 180.

VACCINES (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Antibody responses to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2

Joseph E. Ebinger et al.

Summary: Virus-specific antibody levels after a single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 are similar to levels after two doses of the vaccine in infection-naive individuals. Post-vaccine symptoms were more prominent for those with prior infection after the first dose, but symptomology was similar between groups after the second dose.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Antibody Persistence through 6 Months after the Second Dose of mRNA-1273 Vaccine for Covid-19

Nicole Doria-Rose et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Distinct antibody and memory B cell responses in SARS-CoV-2 naive and recovered individuals after mRNA vaccination

Rishi R. Goel et al.

Summary: mRNA vaccines exhibit robust serological and cellular priming, with naïve individuals requiring two doses for optimal antibody responses, especially against the B.1.351 variant. Memory B cells specific for spike protein and RBD were efficiently primed by vaccination, while recovered individuals showed significant boosting after the first dose, correlating with preexisting memory B cell levels. Identifying distinct responses based on prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure suggests that recovered subjects may only need one vaccine dose for peak responses, which can inform vaccine distribution strategies in resource-limited settings.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce persistent human germinal centre responses

Jackson S. Turner et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce a persistent germinal centre B cell response in humans, leading to the generation of robust humoral immunity, especially more significant in individuals previously infected with the virus.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine through 6 Months

S. J. Thomas et al.

Summary: BNT162b2 vaccine remains highly effective and safe over the course of 6 months post-vaccination, with efficacy rates ranging from 86% to 100% across different demographics and risk factors for Covid-19. The vaccine also shows a high efficacy against severe disease, with particularly promising results observed in South Africa against the B.1.351 variant.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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News Item Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19: Third vaccine dose boosts immune response but may not be needed, say researchers

Elisabeth Mahase

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Dynamics of antibody response to BNT162b2 vaccine after six months: a longitudinal prospective study

Paul Naaber et al.

Summary: The study found that antibody levels declined at 12 weeks and 6 months after receiving two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, with Spike antibody levels at 6 months being similar to those in individuals who received one dose or had recovered from COVID-19. Most individuals developed Spike-specific memory T cell responses, which were lower in those with higher T cell immunosenescence. Antibody response was negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with the total score of vaccination side effects.

LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

One dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine exponentially increases antibodies in individuals who have recovered from symptomatic COVID-19

Riccardo Levi et al.

Summary: A study showed that individuals with prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2 had a significant increase in antibody response within 5 to 18 days after receiving the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine. Symptomatic individuals reached a high titer of antibodies with just one dose, suggesting that a second dose may not be necessary.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology