期刊
ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH
卷 13, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
TURKISH NATL COMMITTEE AIR POLLUTION RES & CONTROL-TUNCAP
DOI: 10.1016/j.apr.2021.101261
关键词
PM2.5; NMVOCs; Carcinogenic risk; Exposure pathways; Non-carcinogenic risk
资金
- National Council for Scientific Research of Lebanon (CNRS-L)
- Universite du Littoral Cote d'Opale (ULCO)
- Faculty of Sciences of Saint Joseph University of Beirut - Lebanon
- Hauts-de-France Region Council [501100014161]
- French Ministry of Higher Education and Research
- European Regional Development Funds
- European Union [856612]
- Cyprus Government
This study evaluates the health risks related to NMVOCs and elements in PM2.5 samples collected in East Mediterranean urban industrial areas. The results show that some substances pose significant risks exceeding recommended limits for different age groups. Additionally, exposure to NMVOCs may significantly increase the risk of cancer.
This study evaluates the carcinogenic and the non-carcinogenic health risks related to non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and elements, dioxins, furans, dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls, phthalates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 samples collected during a one-year field campaign in two urban industrial areas in the East Mediterranean region. The health risk was assessed for the three exposure pathways (ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact) and for different age categories (newborns, children, adolescents, and adults). The non-carcinogenic risk calculated for the different species showed that benzene and n-heptane explained 78-94% of the total hazard index (HI) for NMVOCs at both sites. The total HI for NMVOCs varied between 2.9 and 26.8 at Zouk and between 0.8 and 6.6 at Fiaa for adults and newborns respectively exceeding the recommended USEPA limit of 1 for most age categories. PM2.5-bound elements had values higher than the recommended USEPA limit for newborns with Mn, Pb, V, and Ni as the major contributors. The other species under study presented moderate risk values. The lifetime cancer risk due only to the exposure to NMVOCs was 170 and 46 times higher than the threshold limit at Zouk and Fiaa, respectively. PM2.5-bound PAHs, As, Co, Cr (VI), Ni and V concentrations showed lifetime cancer risk exceeding the threshold limit of 10(-6) with 58 and 28 additional cancer cases per million habitats at Zouk and Fiaa, respectively. To our knowledge, this assessment is a first evaluating the health risk of several classes of compounds from both particulate and gas phases.
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