相关参考文献
注意:仅列出部分参考文献,下载原文获取全部文献信息。Bone Marrow Stromal Cell-Derived Exosomes Promote Muscle Healing Following Contusion Through Macrophage Polarization
Zhiwen Luo et al.
STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT (2021)
MSC derived EV loaded with miRNA-22 inhibits the inflammatory response and nerve function recovery after spinal cord injury in rats
Yongjia Sheng et al.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2021)
Recent Advances in Stem Cell Therapies to Address Neuroinflammation, Stem Cell Survival, and the Need for Rehabilitative Therapies to Treat Traumatic Brain Injuries
George R. Bjorklund et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)
Human fetal liver MSCs are more effective than adult bone marrow MSCs for their immunosuppressive, immunomodulatory, and Foxp3+ T reg induction capacity
Yi Yu et al.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY (2021)
Combining chitin biological conduits with small autogenous nerves and platelet-rich plasma for the repair of sciatic nerve defects in rats
Chang-Feng Lu et al.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS (2021)
HIF-1α and Pro-Inflammatory Signaling Improves the Immunomodulatory Activity of MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles
Marta Gomez-Ferrer et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)
Heat shock preconditioning mesenchymal stem cells attenuate acute lung injury via reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages
Haijin Lv et al.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY (2021)
Exosomes Released From Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Attenuate Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Mice
Ke-Liang Li et al.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2021)
Loss of direct adrenergic innervation after peripheral nerve injury causes lymph node expansion through IFN-γ
Chien-Sin Chen et al.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2021)
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis via immunomodulatory T lymphocytes
Ke Xu et al.
MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2021)
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via regulating pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines
Samira Ahmadvand Koohsari et al.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells attenuate pulmonary fibrosis via regulatory T cell through interaction with macrophage
Zan Tang et al.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY (2021)
Extracellular vesicles derived from CD73 modified human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate inflammation after spinal cord injury
Xiao Zhai et al.
JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)
Toward a Better Regeneration through Implant-Mediated Immunomodulation: Harnessing the Immune Responses
Ben Zhang et al.
ADVANCED SCIENCE (2021)
Exosomes Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulate Macrophage Polarization to Attenuate Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Associated Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Mice
Xun Chen et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS (2021)
Effect of exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells on the apoptosis of Schwann cells in peripheral nerve injury
Cai-Yue Liu et al.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS (2020)
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxgenase-transfected mesenchymal stem cells suppress heart allograft rejection by increasing the production and activity of dendritic cells and regulatory T cells
Ji-Gang He et al.
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE (2020)
Stem-cell-based therapies to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration
Carrie A. Kubiak et al.
MUSCLE & NERVE (2020)
Nanofibrous Nerve Conduits with Nerve Growth Factors and Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Pre-Cultured in Bioreactors for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Gan Zhou et al.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)
T cells modulate IL-4 expression by eosinophil recruitment within decellularized scaffolds to repair nerve defects
Deng Pan et al.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA (2020)
The enhancement of CCL2 and CCL5 by human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells might contribute to inflammatory suppression and axonal extension after spinal cord injury
Kazumichi Yagura et al.
PLOS ONE (2020)
Skeletal muscle stem cells confer maturing macrophages anti-inflammatory properties through insulin-like growth factor-2
Jiankai Fang et al.
STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2020)
Magnetic resonance imaging of enhanced nerve repair with mesenchymal stem cells combined with microenvironment immunomodulation in neurotmesis
Zehong Yang et al.
MUSCLE & NERVE (2020)
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells upregulate PI3K/AKT pathway and down-regulate NF-κB pathway by secreting glial cell-derived neurotrophic factors to regulate microglial polarization and alleviate deafferentation pain in rats
Zhenzhong Zhong et al.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE (2020)
Immunity-and-matrix-regulatory cells derived from human embryonic stem cells safely and effectively treat mouse lung injury and fibrosis
Jun Wu et al.
CELL RESEARCH (2020)
A scaffold laden with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes for promoting endometrium regeneration and fertility restoration through macrophage immunomodulation
Liaobing Xin et al.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA (2020)
TNFα/TNFR2 signaling pathway: an active immune checkpoint for mesenchymal stem cell immunoregulatory function
Ghada Beldi et al.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY (2020)
Macrophages inhibit adipogenic differentiation of adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines
Hui Ma et al.
CELL AND BIOSCIENCE (2020)
Infrapatellar fat pads participate in the development of knee osteoarthritis in obese patients via the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway
Lijun Duan et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2020)
Human Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Sciatic Nerve Recovery Is Associated with the Upregulation of Regulatory T Cells
Aline Yen Ling Wang et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)
Regulatory T cell induction by mesenchymal stem cells depends on the expression of TNFR2 by T cells
Sina Naserian et al.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY (2020)
Analysis of the immune response to sciatic nerve injury identifies efferocytosis as a key mechanism of nerve debridement
Ashley L. Kalinski et al.
ELIFE (2020)
Olfactory Ecto-Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Ameliorate Experimental Colitis via Modulating Th1/Th17 and Treg Cell Responses
Jie Tian et al.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)
TNFR2 Is a Crucial Hub Controlling Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biological and Functional Properties
Ghada Beldi et al.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2020)
Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes as a cell-free therapy for nerve injury-induced pain in rats
Sheng-Jie Shiue et al.
PAIN (2019)
Engineering advanced neural tissue constructs to mitigate acute cerebral inflammation after brain transplantation in rats
Volha Liaudanskaya et al.
BIOMATERIALS (2019)
Extracellular vesicles from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells improve nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve transection in rats
Yongbin Ma et al.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2019)
Adipose-derived stem cells delay muscle atrophy after peripheral nerve injury in the rodent model
Benjamin K. Schilling et al.
MUSCLE & NERVE (2019)
Mechanisms of the Immunomodulation Effects of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Facial Nerve Injury in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Yining Ge et al.
STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT (2019)
IFNβ enhances mesenchymal stromal (Stem) cells immunomodulatory function through STAT1-3 activation and mTOR-associated promotion of glucose metabolism
Tiziana Vigo et al.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE (2019)
The Kinetics of Small Extracellular Vesicle Delivery Impacts Skin Tissue Regeneration
Helena Henriques-Antunes et al.
ACS NANO (2019)
The accumulation of T cells within acellular nerve allografts is length-dependent and critical for nerve regeneration
Deng Pan et al.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY (2019)
Immunomodulatory effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on T lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis
Dan Ma et al.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (2019)
MSC-Derived Exosome Promotes M2 Polarization and Enhances Cutaneous Wound Healing
Xiaoning He et al.
STEM CELLS INTERNATIONAL (2019)
IL-27, IL-30, and IL-35: A Cytokine Triumvirate in Cancer
Olena Kourko et al.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2019)
Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote M2 Macrophage Phenotype through Exosomes
June Seok Heo et al.
STEM CELLS INTERNATIONAL (2019)
Effects of endogenous inflammation signals elicited by nerve growth factor, interferon-γ, and interleukin-4 on peripheral nerve regeneration
Chien-Fu Liao et al.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING (2019)
Interleukin-1β influences functional regeneration following nerve injury in mice through nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway
Ruoyu Wu et al.
IMMUNOLOGY (2019)
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells genetically engineered to overexpress interleukin-10 promotes alternative inflammatory response in rat model of traumatic brain injury
S. T. Peruzzaro et al.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION (2019)
Mitochondrial Neuroglobin Is Necessary for Protection Induced by Conditioned Medium from Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Astrocytic Cells Subjected to Scratch and Metabolic Injury
Eliana Baez-Jurado et al.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY (2019)
Galectin-3 enhances monocyte-derived macrophage efferocytosis of apoptotic granulocytes in asthma
Melanie Erriah et al.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH (2019)
Immunomodulation of Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Insights From a Proinflammatory/Degenerative Ex Vivo Model
Graciosa Q. Teixeira et al.
SPINE (2018)
Neutrophils induce macrophage anti-inflammatory reprogramming by suppressing NF-κB activation
John A. Marwick et al.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE (2018)
Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes are more immunosuppressive than microparticles in inflammatory arthritis
Stella Cosenza et al.
THERANOSTICS (2018)
Enhanced Immunosuppressive Properties of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Primed by Interferon-gamma
Dae Seong Kim et al.
EBIOMEDICINE (2018)
Pro inflammatory stimuli enhance the immunosuppressive functions of adipose mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes
Rossana Domenis et al.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2018)
Dental pulp-derived stem cells can counterbalance peripheral nerve injury-induced oxidative stress and supraspinal neuro-inflammation in rat brain
Imran Ullah et al.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2018)
A potent immunomodulatory role of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stromal cells in preventing cGVHD
Peilong Lai et al.
JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2018)
Dental pulp-derived stem cell conditioned medium to regenerate peripheral nerves in a novel animal model of dysphagia
Takeshi Tsuruta et al.
PLOS ONE (2018)
Dynamic control of proinflammatory cytokines Il-1β and Tnf-α by macrophages in zebrafish spinal cord regeneration
Themistoklis M. Tsarouchas et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)
Mesenchymal stem cells attenuate hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and enhance neuroprotective effects in retinal ganglion cells
Yi Cui et al.
IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL (2017)
Macrophage polarization: a key event in the secondary phase of acute spinal cord injury
Xiangyi Kong et al.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2017)
The Effects of Co-transplantation of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells and Schwann Cells on Local Inflammation Environment in the Contused Spinal Cord of Rats
Jieyuan Zhang et al.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY (2017)
Stem Cell Transplantation for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Current Options and Opportunities
Liangfu Jiang et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2017)
Mesenchymal stem cells maintain the microenvironment of central nervous system by regulating the polarization of macrophages/microglia after traumatic brain injury
Chao Xu et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2017)
Human decidua mesenchymal stem cells regulate decidual natural killer cell function via interactions between collagen and leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1
Qiang Fu et al.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS (2017)
Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha improves immunomodulation by dental mesenchymal stem cells
Victor G. Martinez et al.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY (2017)
Cytokine treatment optimises the immunotherapeutic effects of umbilical cord-derived MSC for treatment of inflammatory liver disease
Samantha F. H. de Witte et al.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY (2017)
Pre-incubation with hucMSC-exosomes prevents cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by activating autophagy
Bingying Wang et al.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY (2017)
The Effects of Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cells on Local Inflammation Microenvironment in the Defected Sciatic Nerve of Rats
Yue Li et al.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE (2017)
IL-17A-Producing Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells and Human Diseases
Min Kyung Jung et al.
IMMUNE NETWORK (2017)
Effect of TNF-α Inhibition on Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Neurological Function Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury via the Wnt Signaling Pathway in a Rat Model
Ren-Jun Peng et al.
CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY (2017)
Interactions between mesenchymal stem cells and the immune system
Na Li et al.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES (2017)
Pulsed magnetic field enhances therapeutic efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells in chronic neuropathic pain model
Tufan Mert et al.
BIOELECTROMAGNETICS (2017)
Transplantation of dental pulp stem cells suppressed inflammation in sciatic nerves by promoting macrophage polarization towards anti-inflammation phenotypes and ameliorated diabetic polyneuropathy
Maiko Omi et al.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES INVESTIGATION (2016)
Macrophages in Tissue Repair, Regeneration, and Fibrosis
Thomas A. Wynn et al.
IMMUNITY (2016)
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Induce Peculiar Alternatively Activated Macrophages Capable of Dampening Both Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses
Laura Chiossone et al.
STEM CELLS (2016)
CCR2 Positive Exosome Released by Mesenchymal Stem Cells Suppresses Macrophage Functions and Alleviates Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Renal Injury
Bing Shen et al.
STEM CELLS INTERNATIONAL (2016)
Peripheral nerve regeneration: Experimental strategies and future perspectives
Alessandro Faroni et al.
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2015)
Increases of M2a macrophages and fibrosis in aging muscle are influenced by bone marrow aging and negatively regulated by muscle-derived nitric oxide
Ying Wang et al.
AGING CELL (2015)
Immunoregulatory Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on T Lymphocytes
Andrea Del Fattore et al.
CELL TRANSPLANTATION (2015)
Antibodies to Interleukin-2 Elicit Selective T Cell Subset Potentiation through Distinct Conformational Mechanisms
Jamie B. Spangler et al.
IMMUNITY (2015)
Intrathecal bone marrow stromal cells inhibit neuropathic pain via TGF-β secretion
Gang Chen et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2015)
Role of IL-10 in Resolution of Inflammation and Functional Recovery after Peripheral Nerve Injury
Bruno Siqueira Mietto et al.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2015)
Neurotrauma and Inflammation: CNS and PNS Responses
Bruno Siqueira Mietto et al.
MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION (2015)
Peripheral interleukin-4 ameliorates inflammatory macrophage-dependent neuropathic pain
Norikazu Kiguchi et al.
PAIN (2015)
Paracrine Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy: Current Status and Perspectives
Xiaoting Liang et al.
CELL TRANSPLANTATION (2014)
Immunoregulation Effects of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Xenogeneic Acellular Nerve Grafts Transplant
Lihong Fan et al.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY (2014)
Conversion of Th17 into IL-17Aneg Regulatory T Cells: A Novel Mechanism in Prolonged Allograft Survival Promoted by Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Supported Minimized Immunosuppressive Therapy
Natasa Obermajer et al.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2014)
Influence of intrathecal delivery of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on spinal inflammation and pain hypersensitivity in a rat model of peripheral nerve injury
Sabrina Schaefer et al.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION (2014)
Lack of interleukin-17 leads to a modulated micro-environment and amelioration of mechanical hypersensitivity after peripheral nerve injury in mice
Yuan-Ji Day et al.
PAIN (2014)
A Special Population of Regulatory T Cells Potentiates Muscle Repair
Dalia Burzyn et al.
CELL (2013)
Epigenetic upregulation of CCL2 and CCL3 via histone modifications in infiltrating macrophages after peripheral nerve injury
Norikazu Kiguchi et al.
CYTOKINE (2013)
Mesenchymal stromal cells augment CD4+and CD8+T-cell proliferation through a CCL2 pathway
Yingzhe Zhou et al.
CYTOTHERAPY (2013)
Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in experimental traumatic brain injury
Run Zhang et al.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION (2013)
Macrophage plasticity and polarization in tissue repair and remodelling
Alberto Mantovani et al.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY (2013)
Discrete functions of M2a and M2c macrophage subsets determine their relative efficacy in treating chronic kidney disease
Junyu Lu et al.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL (2013)
IFN-γ Stimulated Human Umbilical-Tissue-Derived Cells Potently Suppress NK Activation and Resist NK-Mediated Cytotoxicity In Vitro
Cariosa Noone et al.
STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT (2013)
The plasticity and stability of regulatory T cells
Shimon Sakaguchi et al.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2013)
Lesional Accumulation of CD163+ Macrophages/microglia in Rat Traumatic Brain Injury
Zhiren Zhang et al.
BRAIN RESEARCH (2012)
Acute injury in the peripheral nervous system triggers an alternative macrophage response
Elke Ydens et al.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION (2012)
Skin-derived Precursors as a Source of Progenitors for Cutaneous Nerve Regeneration
Zhiguo Chen et al.
STEM CELLS (2012)
Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells and Skin Fibroblasts Inhibit Natural Killer Cell Proliferation and Cytotoxic Activity
Amandine Pradier et al.
CELL TRANSPLANTATION (2011)
Wallerian degeneration: the innate-immune response to traumatic nerve injury
Shlomo Rotshenker
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION (2011)
Functional Recovery after Peripheral Nerve Injury is Dependent on the Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines IL-1β and TNF: Implications for Neuropathic Pain
Sylvain Nadeau et al.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2011)
Long-lasting effects of human mesenchymal stem cell systemic administration on pain-like behaviors, cellular and biomolecular modifications in neuropathic mice
Dario Siniscalco et al.
FRONTIERS IN INTEGRATIVE NEUROSCIENCE (2011)
Intra-brain microinjection of human mesenchymal stem cells decreases allodynia in neuropathic mice
Dario Siniscalco et al.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES (2010)
The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor: linking its structure to cell signaling and its role in disease
Timothy R. Hercus et al.
BLOOD (2009)
The immunomodulatory activity of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro
Meng Wang et al.
IMMUNOLOGY (2009)
Human leukocyte antigen-G5 secretion by human mesenchymal stem cells is required to suppress T lymphocyte and natural killer function and to induce CD4(+)CD25(high)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells
Zohair Selmani et al.
STEM CELLS (2008)
Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation
David M. Mosser et al.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2008)
Toll-like receptor signaling is critical for Wallerian degeneration and functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury
Audrey Boivin et al.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2007)
Transcriptional profiling of the LPS induced NF-κB response in macrophages
Omar Sharif et al.
BMC IMMUNOLOGY (2007)
T cell infiltration after chronic constriction injury of mouse sciatic nerve is associated with interleukin-17 expression
Christoph Kleinschnitz et al.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY (2006)
TNF downmodulates the function of human CD4+CD25hi T-regulatory cells
X Valencia et al.
BLOOD (2006)
Interactions between human mesenchymal stem cells and natural killer cells
PA Sotiropoulou et al.
STEM CELLS (2006)
Human mesenchymal stem cells modulate allogeneic immune cell responses
S Aggarwal et al.
BLOOD (2005)
Human bone marrow stromal cells inhibit allogeneic T-cell responses by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-mediated tryptophan degradation
R Meisel et al.
BLOOD (2004)
Conditioning injury-induced spinal axon regeneration fails in interleukin-6 knock-out mice
WBJ Cafferty et al.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2004)
IL-17, produced by lymphocytes and neutrophils, is necessary for lipopolysaccharide-induced airway neutrophilia: IL-15 as a possible trigger
S Ferretti et al.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2003)
Interleukin-17 stimulates the expression of interleukin-8, growth-related oncogene-α, and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor by human airway epithelial cells
CE Jones et al.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2002)
The cytokine network of Wallerian degeneration:: tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1α, and interleukin-1β
S Shamash et al.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2002)