The Relationship between Addictive Eating and Dietary Intake: A Systematic Review

(1) Background: Research suggests that certain foods may have addictive effects; however, no reviews have systematically appraised studies in this area. The aims of this review were to determine the nutrients, foods and dietary patterns associated with addictive eating. (2) Methods: Published studies up to November 2020 were identified through searches of 6 electronic databases. Eligible studies included those in in children and adults that reported dietary intakes of individuals with 'food addiction'. (3) Results: Fifteen studies (n = 12 in adults and n = 3 in children/adolescents with Yale Food Addiction Scale defined 'food addiction') were included. Foods commonly associated with addictive eating were those high in a combination of fat and refined carbohydrates. Generally, intakes of energy, carbohydrates and fats were significantly higher in individuals with addictive eating compared to those without. (4) Conclusions: Due to the heterogeneity in study methodologies and outcomes across included studies, it is difficult to conclude if any specific foods, nutrients or dietary patterns facilitate an addictive process. Further research is needed to elucidate potential associations. However, present addictive eating treatment approaches could incorporate individualised dietary advice targeting foods high in fat and refined carbohydrates.

Automated summary

This review examines the association between addictive eating and nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns. The findings suggest that foods high in fat and refined carbohydrates are commonly associated with addictive eating. Individuals with addictive eating tend to have higher intakes of energy, carbohydrates, and fats compared to those without addictive eating. However, due to the heterogeneity among studies, it is challenging to determine if specific foods or dietary patterns facilitate the addictive process. Further research is needed to explore potential associations. In the meantime, personalized dietary advice targeting foods high in fat and refined carbohydrates could be incorporated into current treatment approaches for addictive eating.