期刊
NUTRIENTS
卷 14, 期 4, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu14040905
关键词
acetylcholine; hypertension; spontaneously hypertensive rat; sympathetic nervous system; telemetry
资金
- Special Scheme Project on Vitalizing Management Entities of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries from the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution [16932813]
- Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) [2630810083]
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI [JP18K05515]
This study demonstrates that low-dose orally administered ACh can lower blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats by acting on gastrointestinal M3 muscarinic ACh receptors to increase afferent vagal nerve activity, resulting in decreased sympathetic nervous activity and noradrenaline release.
Acetylcholine (ACh) acts as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. A small dose of eggplant powder rich in ACh (equivalent to 22 g fresh eggplant/d) has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) in individuals with higher BP. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the antihypertensive effects of low-dose orally administered ACh in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The effects of ACh on BP and sympathetic nervous activity (SNA), including lumbar SNA (LSNA) and renal SNA (RSNA), were evaluated by subjecting conscious SHRs to a telemetry method. Single oral administration of ACh decreased LSNA and lowered BP. Repeated oral administration of ACh for 30 d decreased RSNA and suppressed the elevated BP. Noradrenaline levels in the urine also decreased. However, vagotomy and co-administration of M3 muscarinic ACh receptor antagonist reversed the BP-lowering effect; the dynamics of non-absorbable orally administered ACh was revealed using stable isotope-labeled ACh. In conclusion, ACh acts on the gastrointestinal M3 muscarinic ACh receptor to increase afferent vagal nerve activity, which decreases SNA by autonomic reflex, suppressing noradrenaline release and lowering BP. This study suggests the use of exogenous ACh as an antihypertensive food supplement for controlling the autonomic nervous system, without absorption into the blood.
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