Cognitive improvement effect of nervonic acid and essential fatty acids on rats ingesting Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil revealed by lipidomics approach

Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil (ASO) is rich in omega-9 (53.93%) and omega-6 (30.7%) fatty acids (FAs) and characterized by 3-7% nervonic acid (NA, C24:1 omega-9). Evidence suggests that omega-9 FAs such as NA participate in processes of cognitive improvement; however, their mechanism remains ambiguous. In this study, we investigated the effect of ASO on rat memory and the change in lipid profiling and underlying metabolism. After ASO was administrated to rats for one, three and seven days, their capacity for learning and memory significantly increased via the MWM test. Lipid profiling showed alterations in a wide range of metabolic features after ASO was administrated to the rats, in which sphingolipids (SP) in the serum and glycerophospholipids (GP) in the brain were regulated significantly. The changes in the fatty acids in the serum and brain showed the synergetic effects of NA, EA, OA and DHA, where NA, EA and OA exhibited similar change trends. The enrichment analysis based on KEGG indicated that ASO supplementation evoked the pathways of neurotrophin signaling, glycerophospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism, which are related to memory and cognition improvement. Among the metabolites with different molecular forms, the biomarkers with C24:1 omega-9 chains exhibited a positive correlation with others both in the serum SP and brain GP. These results suggest the synergistic effects of omega-9 FAs and that their conversion into each other may result in enhanced cognition in rats ingesting Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil.

Automated summary

The study found that Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil has a positive effect on rat memory. Supplementation of this oil resulted in changes in lipid profiling and activation of pathways related to memory and cognition improvement. The synergistic effects of omega-9 fatty acids were observed, suggesting that their conversion may enhance cognitive abilities.