Using secondary cases to characterize the severity of an emerging or re-emerging infection

Article Immunology

High Infection Secondary Attack Rates of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Dutch Households Revealed by Dense Sampling

Daphne F. M. Reukers et al.

Summary: This study in the Netherlands examined household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and found higher infection secondary attack rates than previous studies. Children were shown to be less susceptible than adults.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Immunology

Household Exposure to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Association With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study

Marcella Broccia et al.

Summary: This Danish register-based study aimed to assess the association between household exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and severity of COVID-19. The results showed no increased risk of critical COVID-19 among household members of infected SARS-CoV-2 index cases.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Pediatrics

Coronavirus disease 2019 in healthy children: What is the effect of household contact?

Gulnihan Ustundag et al.

Summary: This study found that household contact history did not significantly affect the clinical symptoms and course of COVID-19 in children. However, patients with only household contact had a lower hospitalization rate.

PEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL (2022)

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Article Immunology

Loss of Taste and Smell as Distinguishing Symptoms of Coronavirus Disease 2019

Patrick Dawson et al.

Summary: In a household study, loss of taste and/or smell was the fourth most reported symptom among COVID-19 case patients, and had the highest positive predictive value among household contacts. Olfactory and taste dysfunctions should be considered for COVID-19 case identification and testing prioritization.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Review Virology

A systematic review and meta-analysis of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Xiaojian Cui et al.

Summary: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and imaging features of COVID-19 in pediatric patients. It revealed that children with COVID-19 tend to have mild illness with typical manifestations of fever and cough, normal white blood cell counts, and common imaging features of normal or ground-glass opacity. However, the high incidence of critical cases and vomiting symptoms in children under 1 year old should be given attention.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Virology

Transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 within families with children in Greece: A study of 23 clusters

Helena C. Maltezou et al.

Summary: The study on the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 within families with children in Greece found that adults were more likely to transmit the infection to children, while children were more likely to have asymptomatic infections. Adults were at a higher risk of developing severe clinical courses with moderate viral loads, while children were more likely to have mild courses with low viral loads. Additional studies are needed to further investigate the role of viral load in these findings.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Review Virology

Proportion of asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Jingjing He et al.

Summary: Approximately 15.6% of confirmed COVID-19 patients are asymptomatic. Nearly half of the patients with no symptoms at detection time will develop symptoms later. Children are likely to have a higher proportion of asymptomatic infection than adults. Asymptomatic COVID-19 patients could have abnormal laboratory and radiational manifestations, which can be used as screening strategies to identify asymptomatic infection.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The role of close contacts of COVID-19 patients in the SARS-CoV-2 transmission: an emphasis on the percentage of nonevaluated positivity in Mexico

Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro et al.

Summary: The study found that 42% of close contacts of COVID-19 patients were positive for SARS-CoV-2, with the majority showing less than 2 or no respiratory symptoms, and an average of 4.3 positive contacts per index case. 16% of participants tested positive for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL (2021)

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Article Immunology

Potential Antigenic Cross-reactivity Between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Dengue Viruses

Yaniv Lustig et al.

Summary: Analysis of serum status of COVID-19 and dengue virus shows possible cross-reactivity, leading to false-positive dengue serology among COVID-19 patients. In-silico analysis also indicates potential similarities in protein structures between the two viruses.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

The Proportion of SARS-CoV-2 Infections That Are Asymptomatic A Systematic Review

Daniel P. Oran et al.

Summary: Available data suggests that at least one third of SARS-CoV-2 infections are asymptomatic. Longitudinal studies indicate that nearly three quarters of individuals who test positive via PCR but show no symptoms at the time of testing will remain asymptomatic. Control strategies for COVID-19 need to be adjusted considering the prevalence and transmission risk of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Immunology

A Meta-analysis on the Role of Children in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Household Transmission Clusters

Yanshan Zhu et al.

Summary: The role of children in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 remains controversial, with studies showing lower transmission rates when children are index cases and lower secondary attack rates in pediatric household contacts compared to adults. These findings have implications for COVID-19 management and potential vaccine prioritization strategies.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

High prevalence of pre-existing serological cross-reactivity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in sub-Saharan Africa

For Yue Tso et al.

Summary: The study found a higher prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive antibodies in pre-pandemic plasma samples from SSA compared to the USA, indicating potential cross-protection due to prior exposure to other coronaviruses in SSA. The detection of nucleocapsid proteins from HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E in most samples suggests these viruses as the likely sources of cross-reactive antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease in SSA may be correlated with pre-pandemic serological cross-recognition of HCoVs, which are more prevalent in SSA than the USA.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Effective control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Wanzhou, China

Qiuling Shi et al.

Summary: The effectiveness of control measures in containing COVID-19 in Wanzhou, China was evaluated by analyzing epidemiological data from confirmed cases and their close contacts. The study found that asymptomatic and presymptomatic transmission accounted for a significant proportion of total transmission, and the risk of infection was higher with close contact within 5 days after exposure, frequent contact, and prolonged contact duration. The spread of COVID-19 was effectively controlled through social distancing, contact tracing, testing, and strict quarantine measures.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Household Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Transmission and Children: A Network Prospective Study

Antoni Soriano-Arandes et al.

Summary: The study conducted in Catalonia, Spain, found that the majority of pediatric COVID-19 cases were transmitted from adults, suggesting that children are less likely to cause household COVID-19 clusters. The secondary attack rate was significantly lower during the school period when children were the index case, compared to the summer period and adults, indicating a lower transmission risk from children.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Review Immunology

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Setting-specific Transmission Rates: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Hayley A. Thompson et al.

Summary: Households have the highest transmission rates for SARS-CoV-2, especially when exposure exceeds 5 days. Asymptomatic cases have approximately one-seventh the transmission potential of symptomatic cases, while presymptomatic cases have approximately two-thirds.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Retrospective study identifies infection related risk factors in close contacts during COVID-19 epidemic

Peipei Hu et al.

Summary: The study found that children may be less susceptible to COVID-19, while close contacts with frequent contact with patients and those exposed to patients with cough symptoms have a higher risk of infection.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Virology

Infection and disease spectrum in individuals with household exposure to SARS-CoV-2: A family cluster cohort study

Wen Xie et al.

Summary: The study examined the exposure patterns, transmission characteristics, and clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection among household contacts of individuals with severe COVID-19. Findings showed a high frequency of transmission among household contacts, with children and adults having similar infection risks but children less likely to develop symptomatic disease. Regular handwashing was associated with reduced infection risk.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

The prognostic value of comorbidity for the severity of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis study

Mobina Fathi et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients and found that underlying diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic kidney disease may be risk factors for COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, the results suggest that elderly males with underlying diseases are more likely to have severe COVID-19.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Infectivity, susceptibility, and risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 transmission under intensive contact tracing in Hunan, China

Shixiong Hu et al.

Summary: The study found that transmission of SARS-CoV-2 mainly occurs during the pre-symptomatic phase, with susceptibility to infection increasing with age. However, transmissibility does not significantly differ between age groups or symptomatic states.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Incidence, household transmission, and neutralizing antibody seroprevalence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Egypt: Results of a community-based cohort

Mokhtar R. Gomaa et al.

Summary: The study in Egypt found a high household secondary attack rate of COVID-19, with most infections being asymptomatic or mild and resulting in a lasting neutralizing antibody response. Increasing public awareness about proper infection control within households may help reduce transmission in Egypt and similar areas.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2021)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Serological evidence of human infection with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Xinhua Chen et al.

Summary: This study synthesized and evaluated a large amount of global data on SARS-CoV-2 serological surveys, revealing variations in seroprevalence among different populations and in the infection-to-case ratio across regions. Most settings have not achieved herd immunity, and insights into the true proportion of infected population can be derived from serological detection data in routine confirmation.

LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH (2021)

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Article Immunology

Assessing Asymptomatic, Presymptomatic, and Symptomatic Transmission Risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Peng Wu et al.

Summary: The study found that symptomatic cases are more likely to transmit the virus compared to asymptomatic cases, while asymptomatic and presymptomatic transmissions also play an important role in spreading the infection. Therefore, early case detection and effective test-and-trace measures are crucial in reducing transmission.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Case fatality risk of the SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern B.1.1.7 in England, 16 November to 5 February

Daniel J. Grint et al.

Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 VOC is spreading across Europe and poses a higher risk of death compared to non-VOC cases, with increased mortality in older individuals and those with comorbidities. This variant has the potential to spread faster and cause higher mortality than previous strains.

EUROSURVEILLANCE (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 214 families with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China

Bo Yi et al.

Summary: The study in Wuhan showed a higher transmission rate and worse clinical outcomes in COVID-19 family clusters. Couples and cross-generational members showed higher transmission patterns in these clusters.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Immunology

Serologic Cross-Reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 with Endemic and Seasonal Betacoronaviruses

Jennifer Hicks et al.

Summary: Researchers evaluated the presence of serum antibodies of people worldwide experiencing the pandemic using recombinant proteins from the viral genome. They found potential cross-reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with other coronaviruses, with the strongest recognition between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS/MERS-CoV antibodies. Further analysis of cross-reactivity could lead to intelligently designed pan-coronavirus therapeutics or vaccines.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Microbiology

On the SARS-CoV-2 Variolation Hypothesis: No Association Between Viral Load of Index Cases and COVID-19 Severity of Secondary Cases

Mattia Trunfio et al.

Summary: The viral load of the source at diagnosis does not predict clinical outcomes of linked secondary cases. The occurrence of symptomatic infections, hospitalization, and deaths in household contacts is not affected by the viral load of index cases. Negative findings suggest that clinical and public health strategies should not be based on viral load predictions.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with a Local Bar Opening Event - Illinois, February 2021

Samira Sami et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2021)

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Article Immunology

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Household Members and Other Close Contacts of COVID-19 Cases: A Serologic Study in Canton of Vaud, Switzerland

Julien Dupraz et al.

Summary: A study conducted in Canton of Vaud, Switzerland found that during semiconfinement, household members of COVID-19 cases were at a significantly higher risk of infection compared to close contacts outside the home, highlighting the importance of clear messages on protective measures at home. Elderly individuals aged 65 and above faced a higher infection risk, while larger households had a lower individual risk of seropositivity.

OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

The low contagiousness and new A958D mutation of SARS-CoV-2 in children: An observational cohort study

Yinghu Chen et al.

Summary: The study found that children with COVID-19 have a lower ability to spread SARS-CoV-2 compared to adults, and a new A958D mutation may be a potential reason for the virus's long residence in the intestine.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Attack rates amongst household members of outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 in Bergen, Norway: A case-ascertained study

Kanika Kuwelker et al.

Summary: This study found that seropositivity provides more accurate household attack rates than RT-PCR, and children are equally susceptible to infection as young adults in households. Having fever or dyspnoea symptoms in index patients increased the risk of household transmission.

LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Familial Clusters of Coronavirus Disease in 10 Prefectures, Japan, February-May 2020

Reiko Miyahara et al.

Summary: The secondary attack rate of COVID-19 among family members in 10 prefectures of Japan was found to be 19.0% from February 22 to May 31, 2020. Early diagnosis of primary cases within 2 days of symptom onset resulted in lower SAR, with asymptomatic primary cases showing a SAR of 11.8%.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Epidemiology and clinical features of COVID-19 outbreaks in aged care facilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Mohammad Rashidul Hashan et al.

Summary: COVID-19 outbreaks in aged care facilities have devastating consequences, with a high case fatality rate and hospitalization rate among residents. Preventing the introduction of COVID-19 is crucial, with both residents and staff being a priority group for vaccination. Rapid diagnosis and isolation of cases and close contacts are essential for controlling outbreaks.

ECLINICALMEDICINE (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of early COVID-19 cases, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Nicola L. Boddington et al.

Summary: The study investigated the clinical presentation, course of disease, and health-care seeking behaviour of the first few hundred cases of COVID-19 in the UK. It found that the majority of cases were imported from Italy, with most cases having close contact with a confirmed case. The study also identified that the proportion of COVID-19 cases with fever and shortness of breath tended to increase with age.

BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (2021)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Antibody seroprevalence in the epicenter Wuhan, Hubei, and six selected provinces after containment of the first epidemic wave of COVID-19 in China

Zhongjie Li et al.

Summary: China successfully contained the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic, as evidenced by low overall infection rates and predominantly asymptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection revealed in serological surveys.

LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC (2021)

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Review Immunology

Asymptomatic Infection and Transmission of Pertussis in Households: A Systematic Review

Rodger Craig et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia

Qun Li et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Immunology

Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Zhuhai, China, 2020

Jian Wu et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Immunology

Characteristics of Household Transmission of COVID-19

Wei Li et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Zhongliang Wang et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)

Ruiyun Li et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Dermatology

Pernio-like skin lesions associated with COVID-19: A case series of 318 patients from 8 countries

Esther E. Freeman et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY (2020)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19 fatality is likely overestimated

Joshua D. Niforatos et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 136 cases of COVID-19 in main district of Chongqing

Peng Chen et al.

JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical characteristics and diagnostic challenges of pediatric COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Tu-Hsuan Chang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Contact Tracing Assessment of COVID-19 Transmission Dynamics in Taiwan and Risk at Different Exposure Periods Before and After Symptom Onset

Hao-Yuan Cheng et al.

JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Epidemiology and transmission of COVID-19 in 391 cases and 1286 of their close contacts in Shenzhen, China: a retrospective cohort study

Qifang Bi et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Estimating clinical severity of COVID-19 from the transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China

Joseph T. Wu et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19

Quan-Xin Long et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19-Final Report

John H. Beigel et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Effect of changing case definitions for COVID-19 on the epidemic curve and transmission parameters in mainland China: a modelling study

Tim K. Tsang et al.

LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Contact Settings and Risk for Transmission in 3410 Close Contacts of Patients With COVID-19 in Guangzhou, China A Prospective Cohort Study

Lei Luo et al.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

COVID-19 Outbreak Among Employees at a Meat Processing Facility - South Dakota, March-April 2020

Jonathan Steinberg et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Asymptomatic patients and asymptomatic phases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a population-based surveillance study

Xueying Zheng et al.

NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Household secondary attack rate of COVID-19 and associated determinants in Guangzhou, China: a retrospective cohort study

Qin-Long Jing et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a model-based analysis

Robert Verity et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Clinical sensitivity and interpretation of PCR and serological COVID-19 diagnostics for patients presenting to the hospital

Tyler E. Miller et al.

FASEB JOURNAL (2020)

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Review Infectious Diseases

A systematic review and meta-analysis of published research data on COVID-19 infection fatality rates

Gideon Meyerowitz-Katz et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Viral epitope profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals cross-reactivity and correlates of severity

Ellen Shrock et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Virology

Clinical features of familial clustering in patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

Jinzhong Li et al.

VIRUS RESEARCH (2020)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

A systematic review of antibody mediated immunity to coronaviruses: kinetics, correlates of protection, and association with severity

Angkana T. Huang et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Occurrence and transmission potential of asymptomatic and presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections: A living systematic review and meta-analysis

Diana Buitrago-Garcia et al.

PLOS MEDICINE (2020)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Assessing the age specificity of infection fatality rates for COVID-19: systematic review, meta-analysis, and public policy implications

Andrew T. Levin et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical Characteristics and Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnant Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Md Mohaimenul Islam et al.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2020)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Zachary J. Madewell et al.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2020)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Factors affecting the mortality of patients with COVID-19 undergoing surgery and the safety of medical staff: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Kun Wang et al.

ECLINICALMEDICINE (2020)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Clinical presentations, laboratory and radiological findings, and treatments for 11,028 COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Carlos K. H. Wong et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

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Review Pediatrics

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Bingbing Li et al.

FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Age-specific mortality and immunity patterns of SARS-CoV-2

Megan O'Driscoll et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Immunology

Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Different Settings, Brunei

Liling Chaw et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Flattening the curve in 52 days: characterisation of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Principality of Liechtenstein - an observational study

Thiel L. Sarah et al.

SWISS MEDICAL WEEKLY (2020)

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Article Mathematical & Computational Biology

A comparison of heterogeneity variance estimators in simulated random-effects meta-analyses

Dean Langan et al.

RESEARCH SYNTHESIS METHODS (2019)

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Article Mathematical & Computational Biology

Methods to calculate uncertainty in the estimated overall effect size from a random-effects meta-analysis

Areti Angeliki Veroniki et al.

RESEARCH SYNTHESIS METHODS (2019)

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Article Immunology

Household Transmission of Ebola Virus: Risks and Preventive Factors, Freetown, Sierra Leone, 2015

Mary R. Reichler et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2018)

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Article Immunology

The Dynamic Relationship Between Clinical Symptomatology and Viral Shedding in Naturally Acquired Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza Virus Infections

Dennis K. M. Ip et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2016)

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Review Immunology

Transmissibility and Pathogenicity of Ebola Virus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Household Secondary Attack Rate and Asymptomatic Infection

Natalie E. Dean et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2016)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Household Transmission of Influenza Virus

Tim K. Tsang et al.

TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2016)

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Article Immunology

Multifacility Outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in Taif, Saudi Arabia

Abdullah Assiri et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2016)

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Article Immunology

Differences in the Epidemiology of Human Cases of Avian Influenza A(H7N9) and A(H5N1) Viruses Infection

Ying Qin et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2015)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The Fraction of Influenza Virus Infections That Are Asymptomatic A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Nancy H. L. Leung et al.

EPIDEMIOLOGY (2015)

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Article Immunology

Influenza A Virus Shedding and Infectivity in Households

Tim K. Tsang et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2015)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Measuring underreporting and under-ascertainment in infectious disease datasets: a comparison of methods

Cheryl L. Gibbons et al.

BMC PUBLIC HEALTH (2014)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: quantification of the extent of the epidemic, surveillance biases, and transmissibility

Simon Cauchemez et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2014)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Infection Fatality Risk of the Pandemic A(H1N1)2009 Virus in Hong Kong

Jessica Y. Wong et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2013)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Case Fatality Risk of Influenza A (H1N1pdm09) A Systematic Review

Jessica Y. Wong et al.

EPIDEMIOLOGY (2013)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Human infection with avian influenza A H7N9 virus: an assessment of clinical severity

Hongjie Yu et al.

LANCET (2013)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Household Transmission of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Lincoln L. H. Lau et al.

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