期刊
VIRUSES-BASEL
卷 14, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v14010152
关键词
HIV-1; HTLV-1; cell-to-cell transmission; virological synapse; filopodia; cytonemes; replication-dependent vectors
类别
资金
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation [075-15-2019-1661]
So far, only HIV and HTLV-1 have been recognized as pathogenic retroviruses for humans. These viruses primarily infect CD4+ T lymphocytes and are transmitted between individuals through various modes of transmission.
So far, only two retroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (type 1 and 2) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), have been recognized as pathogenic for humans. Both viruses mainly infect CD4+ T lymphocytes. HIV replication induces the apoptosis of CD4 lymphocytes, leading to the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). After a long clinical latency period, HTLV-1 can transform lymphocytes, with subsequent uncontrolled proliferation and the manifestation of a disease called adult T-cell leukemia (ATLL). Certain infected patients develop neurological autoimmune disorder called HTLV-1-associated myelopathy, also known as tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Both viruses are transmitted between individuals via blood transfusion, tissue/organ transplantation, breastfeeding, and sexual intercourse. Within the host, these viruses can spread utilizing either cell-free or cell-to-cell modes of transmission. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and importance of each mode of transmission for the biology of HIV-1 and HTLV-1.
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