期刊
VIRUSES-BASEL
卷 13, 期 11, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v13112325
关键词
COVID-19 caseloads and deaths; sub-Saharan Africa; pre-existing immunity to coronaviruses; recombinant antigens; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays; pseudovirus neutralizing antibodies; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus
类别
资金
- National Institutes of Health [U19AI135995, U19AI151812, 1R01AI123535, HG007480, U54CA260581]
- Tulane
Research on the serological responses of Sierra Leoneans to coronaviruses suggests that pre-existing immunity from previous exposures may contribute to the lower COVID-19 caseloads and deaths in the country. This immunity is likely due to cross-reactive antibodies against coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV.
Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have experienced lower COVID-19 caseloads and fewer deaths than countries in other regions worldwide. Under-reporting of cases and a younger population could partly account for these differences, but pre-existing immunity to coronaviruses is another potential factor. Blood samples from Sierra Leonean Lassa fever and Ebola survivors and their contacts collected before the first reported COVID-19 cases were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the presence of antibodies binding to proteins of coronaviruses that infect humans. Results were compared to COVID-19 subjects and healthy blood donors from the United States. Prior to the pandemic, Sierra Leoneans had more frequent exposures than Americans to coronaviruses with epitopes that cross-react with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), SARS-CoV, and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The percentage of Sierra Leoneans with antibodies reacting to seasonal coronaviruses was also higher than for American blood donors. Serological responses to coronaviruses by Sierra Leoneans did not differ by age or sex. Approximately a quarter of Sierra Leonian pre-pandemic blood samples had neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, while about a third neutralized MERS-CoV pseudovirus. Prior exposures to coronaviruses that induce cross-protective immunity may contribute to reduced COVID-19 cases and deaths in Sierra Leone.
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