期刊
VIRUSES-BASEL
卷 14, 期 2, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v14020388
关键词
variola virus; orthopoxvirus; evolution; origin
类别
资金
- Russian State funded budget project of ICBFM SB RAS [121031300043-8]
The molecular evolution of orthopoxviruses was analyzed based on data from ancient VARV DNA and DNA of new orthopoxvirus species, estimating their emergence times. It was found that orthopoxviruses of the Old and New Worlds separated around 40,000 years ago, and recently discovered virus species separated around 10,000-20,000 years ago.
Although variola virus (VARV) has been eradicated through widespread vaccination, other orthopoxviruses pathogenic for humans circulate in nature. Recently, new orthopoxviruses, including some able to infect humans, have been found and their complete genomes have been sequenced. Questions about the orthopoxvirus mutation rate and the emergence of new threats to humankind as a result of the evolution of circulating orthopoxviruses remain open. Based on contemporary data on ancient VARV DNA and DNA of new orthopoxvirus species, an analysis of the molecular evolution of orthopoxviruses was carried out and the timescale of their emergence was estimated. It was calculated that the orthopoxviruses of the Old and New Worlds separated approximately 40,000 years ago; the recently discovered Akhmeta virus and Alaskapox virus separated from other orthopoxviruses approximately 10,000-20,000 years ago; the rest of modern orthopoxvirus species originated from 1700 to 6000 years ago, with the exception of VARV, which emerged in approximately 300 AD. Later, there was a separation of genetic variants of some orthopoxvirus species, so the monkeypox virus West African subtype originated approximately 600 years ago, and the VARV minor alastrim subtype emerged approximately 300 years ago.
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