期刊
VIRUSES-BASEL
卷 14, 期 2, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v14020242
关键词
Chikungunya; Dengue; Zika; cross-reactivity; CD4 T cells; CD8 T cells; vaccines; T cell epitopes
类别
资金
- NIH [75N9301900065]
Arboviral infections like CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV are significant disease burdens in tropical and sub-tropical countries without effective vaccines or treatments available. The role of T cell response is crucial in designing effective vaccines, with CD8 and CD4 T cells playing important roles in the protective and pathogenic aspects of DENV infections.
Arboviral infections such as Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) are a major disease burden in tropical and sub-tropical countries, and there are no effective vaccinations or therapeutic drugs available at this time. Understanding the role of the T cell response is very important when designing effective vaccines. Currently, comprehensive identification of T cell epitopes during a DENV infection shows that CD8 and CD4 T cells and their specific phenotypes play protective and pathogenic roles. The protective role of CD8 T cells in DENV is carried out through the killing of infected cells and the production of proinflammatory cytokines, as CD4 T cells enhance B cell and CD8 T cell activities. A limited number of studies attempted to identify the involvement of T cells in CHIKV and ZIKV infection. The identification of human immunodominant ZIKV viral epitopes responsive to specific T cells is scarce, and none have been identified for CHIKV. In CHIKV infection, CD8 T cells are activated during the acute phase in the lymph nodes/blood, and CD4 T cells are activated during the chronic phase in the joints/muscles. Studies on the role of T cells in ZIKV-neuropathogenesis are limited and need to be explored. Many studies have shown the modulating actions of T cells due to cross-reactivity between DENV-ZIKV co-infections and have repeated heterologous/homologous DENV infection, which is an important factor to consider when developing an effective vaccine.
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