Sonochemical activation in aqueous medium for solid-state synthesis of BaTiO3 powders

BaTiO3-based oxide compounds are important ceramic materials for multilayer ceramic capacitors. In this paper, we report a sonochemical activation process of BaCO3 and TiO2 in an aqueous medium for the synthesis of BaTiO(3 )powders through a solid-state process. Owing to the physical and chemical effects of the ultrasonication in aqueous medium on the raw materials, BaTiO3 powders could be successfully synthesized at relatively low temperatures through a solid-state reaction, which was significantly enhanced as compared to the case in ethanol medium. Detailed investigations on the resulting BaTiO3 powders and ceramics were performed, and a model to understand the role of aqueous medium on the enhancement of the solid-state reaction was proposed in terms of Ba2+ ion leaching and zeta potential of TiO2, which are strongly affected by the pH of the aqueous medium. Our results are not only helpful for cost-effective synthesis of BaTiO(3 )through the highly reliable solid-state reaction process, but they also provide an understanding of the role of aqueous medium for the sonochemical process using raw materials with partial solubility in water.

Automated summary

This paper reports a sonochemical activation process in an aqueous medium for the synthesis of BaTiO3 powders through a solid-state reaction. The role of the aqueous medium in enhancing the solid-state reaction is investigated, providing insights for cost-effective synthesis of BaTiO3 and the understanding of sonochemical processes using partially soluble raw materials.