Targeting sialylation to treat central nervous system diseases

Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (SIGLECs) are membrane receptors that are preferentially expressed on immune cells and recognize sialylated proteins, lipids, and RNA. Sialic acids and signaling through SIGLECs are increasingly recognized for their essential roles in immune system homeostasis as well as nervous system development, plasticity, and repair. Dysregulated sialylation and SIGLEC dysfunctions contribute to several chronic diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) in which current therapeutic options are very limited. While only a few therapies targeting SIGLECs are currently being tested in clinical trials, the area emerged as one of the most dynamic and active fields in glycobiology and drug development. This review highlights recent insights into sialic acid and SIGLEC function in CNS pathologies and illustrates opportunities and challenges for the development of sialic acid-based and SIGLEC-targeted therapies for neurological diseases.

Automated summary

SIGLECs are membrane receptors preferentially expressed on immune cells, recognizing sialylated molecules, playing important roles in immune and nervous systems, but dysregulation may contribute to CNS diseases. While only a few therapeutics are currently being tested, this area has emerged as one of the most dynamic in glycobiology and drug development.