Maternal inflammation and its ramifications on fetal neurodevelopment

Exposure to heightened inflammation in pregnancy caused by infections or other inflammatory insults has been associated with the onset of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in children. Rodent models have provided unique insights into how this maternal immune activation (MIA) disrupts brain development. Here, we discuss the key immune factors involved, highlight recent advances in determining the molecular and cellular pathways of MIA, and review how the maternal immune system affects fetal development. We also examine the roles of microbiomes in shaping maternal immune function and the development of autism-like phenotypes. A comprehensive understanding of the gut bacteriaimmune-neuro interaction in MIA is essential for developing diagnostic and therapeutic measures for high-risk pregnant women and identifying targets for treating inflammation-induced neurodevelopmental disorders.

Automated summary

Exposure to infections or inflammatory insults during pregnancy can lead to neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in children. Rodent models have provided insights into how maternal immune activation (MIA) affects brain development, with key immune factors playing important roles. The microbiome also plays a significant role in shaping maternal immune function and the development of autism-like phenotypes.