Factors influencing alternative fuel adoption decisions in heavy-duty vehicle fleets

Understanding heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) fleet operator behavior with respect to adoption of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) is critically important for accelerating diffusion of these technologies, and for achieving societal benefits through reduced emissions and improved public health. However, fleet operator perspectives have thus far received limited attention, leaving a key knowledge gap. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring HDV fleet operator decisions about alternative fuel adoption using both existing literature and new empirical data. To this end, we first develop an initial theoretical framework of AFV fleet adoption behavior in organizations based upon existing theories and literature. We then empirically improve the framework by investigating 20 organizations in California via in-depth qualitative interviews and project reports. A total of 29 adoption and 42 non-adoption cases were probed across various alternative fuel technologies, including natural gas, propane, electricity, hydrogen, biodiesel, and renewable diesel options. Content analysis of the qualitative data yielded 38 motivators or barriers related to AFV adoption, encompassing perceived technological characteristics, organization characteristics, and external environmental influences. The study results contribute theoretically and empirically to a better understanding of the demand-side aspects of AFV adoption by HDV fleet operators, particularly in California and in the other US states that follow California's environmental policies.

Automated summary

Understanding fleet operator behavior and their decision-making process regarding alternative fuel vehicle adoption is crucial for promoting these technologies and achieving environmental benefits. This study investigates the adoption of alternative fuel vehicles by heavy-duty vehicle fleet operators in California, exploring motivators and barriers through qualitative interviews and project reports. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the demand-side factors influencing fleet operator decisions and can inform policy-making in California and other states following similar environmental policies.