Nanomaterial based advancement in the inorganic pyrophosphate detection methods in the last decade: A review

Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is a crucial anionic analyte that is involved in various biochemical processes of living systems. The deficiency or excess of this anion leads to several abnormalities in humans. Therefore, PPi has drawn significant attention in the last few years from diagnostic point of view. In this regard, a large number of interesting and exciting research reports have emerged that especially involves nanomaterials. However, there is no review article that acknowledges and critically analyses these nanomaterials-based PPi sensing methods. Herein, we have attempted a detailed analysis of nanomaterial based PPi sensors/biosensors developed in the last 10 years. The sensing principles have been described, in detail, under different nanomaterial sections. The various analytical performance parameters of these sensors have been tabulated. The merits and demerits of each class of sensors/biosensors are given. Lastly, a future outline of possible impact of these studies in the development of PPi sensing methods has been highlighted. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This article provides a detailed analysis of nanomaterial-based PPi sensors/biosensors developed in the last 10 years, including the sensing principles, analytical performance parameters, and merits and demerits. It also highlights the potential impact of these studies on the development of PPi sensing methods.