Recent advances in polymeric nanostructured ion selective membranes for biomedical applications

Nano structured ion-selective membranes (ISMs) are very attractive materials for a wide range of sensing and ion separation applications. The present review focuses on the design principles of various ISMs; nanostructured and ionophore/ion acceptor doped ISMs, and their use in biomedical engineering. Applications of ISMs in the biomedical field have been well-known for more than half a century in potentiometric analysis of biological fluids and pharmaceutical products. However, the emergence of nanotechnology and sophisticated sensing methods assisted in miniaturising ion-selective electrodes to needle-like sensors that can be designed in the form of implantable or wearable devices (smartwatch, tattoo, sweatband, fabric patch) for health monitoring. This article provides a critical review of recent advances in miniaturization, sensing and construction of new devices over last decade (2011-2021). The designing of tunable ISM with biomimetic artificial ion channels offered intensive opportunities and innovative clinical analysis applications, including precise biosensing, controlled Table 1 drug delivery and early disease Sgnifdiagnosis.icance This of paper clinical will analyis also of adress different the ions future in perspective biologicals fonluids. potential applications and challenges in the widespread use of ISM for clinical use. Finally, this review details some recAnalyte Physiological Physiological Medical indication Ref ommendations and future directions to improve the accuracy and robustness of ISMs for biomedical applications. role concentration

Automated summary

Nanostructured ion-selective membranes (ISMs) have extensive applications in biomedical engineering, enabling health monitoring, precise biosensing, controlled drug delivery, and disease diagnosis. Recent technological advancements have miniaturized ion-selective electrodes, allowing for more innovative and intelligent designs for clinical applications.