Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of leaf and cell cultures extracts of Randia aculeata L. and its chemical components by GC-MS

Randia aculeata (Rubiaceae) is a medicinal plant distributed in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. In folk medicine it is used to counteract the effects produced by the bite of snakes and other poisonous insects. However, there are no reports of new alternatives to use the plant in a sustainable way. The main objective of this study was to establish a cell culture of R. aculeata, evaluate its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial potential and determine the phytochemical profile. In addition, we determine the total phenolics content and antioxidant activity of methanol extracts. Cell suspension cultures (CSC) was established with 2.0 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.5 mg/L 6-furfurylaminopurine in MS culture medium. CSC produced 13.77 +/- 0.49 g/L biomass in dry weight at 36 days of culture. GC-MS analysis showed high amounts of beta-sitosterol for hexane (HE-L: 22.02 +/- 0.44%) and dichloromethane (DE-L: 19.69 +/- 0.49%) leaf extracts. Hexane CSC extract (HE-CSC) stood out for containing high amount of palmitic acid (43.95 +/- 0.02%) and dichloromethane extract (DE-CSC) had mainly palmitic acid (30.16 +/- 2.14%) and vanillic acid (10.23 +/- 0.34%). The methanol CSC extract (ME-CSC) showed antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 16.49 +/- 0.25 mu g/mL, which was almost equal to the methanol leaf extract (ME-L) that showed a IC50 of 14.37 +/- 0.20 mu g/mL. The HE-CSC and DE-CSC were the only ones that showed inhibition against S. aureus, S. aureus-MRSA, S. typhimurium and E. coli. However, S. aureus was the most susceptible with HE-CSC (MIC = 62.5 mu g/mL) and DE-CSC (MIC = 125 mu g/mL). The HE-CSC exhibited the highest percentages of inhibition of NO production (36.88 +/- 4.35%) at 40 mu g/mL in RAW 264.7 macrophages, which was slightly lower than indomethacin (47.45 +/- 7.41%) tested at 30 mu g/mL. This extract was also the most effective against bacteria. The results suggest that cell culture extracts of R. aculeata may be a sustainable source for obtaining bioactive compounds. (C) 2021 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This study aimed to establish a cell culture of Randia aculeata, evaluate its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial potential, and determine its phytochemical profile. The results showed that the cell culture extracts of this plant exhibited potential antibacterial and antioxidant activities.